Styrene chlorostyrene

During the early 1960s, various vinyl monomers (e.g. styrene, /-butyl styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, acrylates, especially methyl methacrylate) were used to treat wood, and po-... 

The hydrosilylation of alkenes with trialkylsilanes in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts under mild conditions gives the corresponding (trialkylsilyl)alkanes [Eq. (22)]. Reaction with terminal alkenes such as 1-hexene and 1-dodecene at room temperature gives hydrosilylation products in 57 and 58% yields, respectively. Reactions with activated styrene derivatives such as styrene, / -chlorostyrene, and a-methylstyrene at —20°C afford hydrosilylated products in 55-61% yields. ... 

It has been shown by Angier and Watson [A8, W2] that if an elastomer is swollen with a vinyl monomer (styrene, chlorostyrene, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, vinyl pyridine, methyl vinyl ketone, etc.), mastication in the absence of oxygen can lead to the formation of block copolymers. This would seem to occur through the mechanism... 

Copoly(styrene chlorostyrene) + poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide)... 

Depending on the mechanism, chelation reactions can be considered as additions or substitutions (for instance ion is replaced by one or several ions The amino resins derived from the copolymers of styrene, chlorostyrene and divinyl benzene can be modified by halogenoacetic acid to form structures which are able to complex metal ions (reaction 12). Kaeriyama and Shimura prepared polystyrenes (6) substituted by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which are able to absorb heavy metal ions from solutions. 

Some polymers from styrene derivatives seem to meet specific market demands and to have the potential to become commercially significant materials. For example, monomeric chlorostyrene is useful in glass-reinforced polyester recipes because it polymerizes several times as fast as styrene (61). Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) [9003-59-2] a versatile water-soluble polymer, is used in water-poUution control and as a general flocculant (see Water, INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT FLOCCULATING AGENTs) (63,64). Poly(vinylhenzyl ammonium chloride) [70304-37-9] h.a.s been useful as an electroconductive resin (see Electrically conductive polya rs) (65). 

This procedure has been used in the preparation of other nitrostyrenes in the following yields o-nitrostyrene (40%),2 / -nitrostyrene (41%),2 and 3-nitro-4-hydroxystyrene (60%).2 A better procedure for more volatile styrenes involves simultaneous decarboxylation and codistillation with quinoline from the reaction flask. This method has been used to prepare the following styrenes o-chlorostyrene (50%),3 4 m-chlorostyrene (65%),4 -chlorostyrene (51%),4 m-bromostyrene (47%),4 o-methoxystyrene (40%),4 -methoxystyrene (76%),4 m-cyano-styrene (51%),3 and j -formylstyrene (52%).9... 

Figure 5 is an ORTEP computer plot of the first 50 backbone carbons in a typical chain. Only the fluorine atoms of the sidechains are shown. The various hard sphere exclusions conspire dramatically to keep the fluorines well separated and the chain highly extended even without introducing any external perturbations. The characteristic ratio from the computer calculations is about 11.6 from data for poly(p-chlorostyrene), CR = I l.l, poly(p-bromostyrene), CR = 12.3, and poly(styrene), CR = 10.3 (all in toluene at 30°C), we expect the experimental value for the fluoro-polymer to be in the range of 10 to 12. 

Scanty though our information is, it indicates that most aromatic monomers show very similar kinetic behaviour under similar conditions. Moreover, it has recently been shown that the very simple kinetics of the polymerization of styrene by perchloric acid [27, 82] also apply to polymerization of p-chlorostyrene [83] by that catalyst. From concurrent studies of co-polymerization Brown and Pepper deduced that styrene gives a more reactive active species than p-chlorostyrene, and that styrene is the more reactive monomer. The former conclusion is not easily compatible with an ion being the chain-carrier. 

Uses Intermediate in production of styrene, acetophenone, ethylcyclohexane, benzoic acid, 1-bromo-l-phenylethane, 1-chloro-l-phenylethane, 2-chloro-l-phenylethane, p-chloroethylbenz-ene, p-chlorostyrene, and many other compounds solvent in organic synthesis. 

Under identical conditions the aromatic olefins styrene and p-methylstyrene give the vic-dimethoxy adducts as the sole products. Methoxytellurenylated adducts are formed, however, as minor by-products from different substituted olefins (p-chlorostyrene) or exclusively (from styrene) when the amount of H2SO4 is reduced. 

Traditionally, a polymer has been named by attaching the prefix poly to the name of the real or assumed monomer (the source ) from which it is derived. Thus, polystyrene is the name of the polymer made from styrene. When the name of the monomer comprises two or more words, parentheses should be used [1], as in poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methyl methacrylate), etc. Failure to use parentheses can lead to ambiguity. For example, polychlorostyrene could be the name of either a polychlorinated (monomeric) styrene or of a polymer derived from chlorostyrene similarly, polyethylene oxide could refer to the polymer 1, the polymer 2 or the macrocycle 3. 

Toxicology. By analogy to styrene, 0-chlorostyrene is expected to cause central nervous system depression at extremely high concentrations and possibly irritation of the eyes, nose, and mucous membranes. 

Among the most extensive studies of monomer reactivity have been those involving the copolymerization of various meta- and para-substituted styrenes with other styrene monomers (styrene, a-methylstyrene, and p-chlorostyrene) as the reference monomer [Kennedy and Marechal, 1983], The relative reactivities of the various substituted styrenes have been correlated by the Hammett sigma-rho relationship ... 

Radical Copolymerization of Styrene with 4-Chlorostyrene (Determination of the Reactivity Ratios)... 

The polymer resist exhibiting the lowest PE rate or highest etch resistance versus PMMA or oxide is poly(styrene) (see Table IV). This system, like the others of Table IV, is representative of a vinyl pol3mier with general structural formula of -(CH2-CXY)-. Poly(chlorostyrene), a chlorinated derivative of the aromatic poly(styrene), exhibits equal resistance towards all three dry etch processes. Here halogenatlon has not enhanced the etch rate or reduced the resistance as seen before for PTECM, PTFEM, and PMCA nonaromatic systems. Therefore, the aromatic side group must... 

It was found that a mixture of 4-vinylpyridine with p-chlorostyrene copolymerizes without any initiator in the presence of poly(maleic anhydride) at 50°C in DMF. The fact that poly(maleic anhydride) cannot initiate the polymerization of styrene or phenyl vinyl ether shows that poly(maleic anhydride) does not act as a normal anionic or cationic initiator. The compositions of copolymers obtained with various initial compositions of... 

Further development of this protocol by Larhed et al. has led to a procedure useful for 6 -bromo- or 6 -chlorostyrenes, which are made to react using microwave heating and tris-/i //-butylphosphine (introduced as a salt /-BU3PHBF4). Due to instrumental restrictions of microwave setup, GO cannot be used as gas, but Mo(CO)6 has been employed as in situ source of GO (Equation (33)). This protocol can be extended to simple substituted styrenes (Equation (34)), which... 

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