Studies thermal microscopy

Crystallization conditions can often be manipulated to favor the nucleation of alternate crystal forms. A metastable polymorph of metformin hydrochloride has been isolated using capillary crystallization techniques, and subsequently studied using thermal microscopy [24]. Calculations based on classical nucleation theory indicated that a metastable form could be obtained using high degrees of... 

Of course, not all methods of cocrystal production require the use of auxiliary solvents. Thermal microscopy was used to determine if a particular carboxylic acid could cocrystallize with 2-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophe-noxy)phenyl]pyrimidine-4-carboxamide, with positive interactions being detected as crystalline material being produced at the binary interface [35]. Once identified, authentic cocrystal systems were prepared on a larger scale using solution-phase methods. In a similar study, hot-state microscopy was used to screen the possible interactions of nicotinamide with seven compounds of pharmaceutical interest that contained carboxylic acid groups [36]. A screening method for cocrystal formation based on differential scanning calorimetry has also been described, and used to demonstrate cocrystal formation in 16 out of 20 tested binary systems [37],... 

Approaches and Methods to Study Thermal Stability of Model-Su[yoiled Catalysts. - A number of techniques can be applied to the investigation of model-supported catalysts. They include TEM, controlled atmosphere electron microscopy (CAEM), temperature-programmed... 

A recent examination of the bulk phase behavior of mixtures (0.5 - 70 mol%) of 8a with CCH-4 by thermal microscopy, DSC, and deuterium NMR spectroscopy with a deuterated analog of 8a has provided a detailed picture of the solubilization of this ketone in the liquid crystalline phases of CCH-4 (42), and provides further clues to the origins of the solute length effect discussed above. This study indicates that the solubilization of 8a in the crystal-B phase is rather more complex... 

Thermal polarized light microscopy of liquid crystal systems still primarily involves the identification of phase types. Recently, however, a number of novel phases with complex structures have been discovered and detailed examinations of the configurations of their defects are required in order to provide a basis for future phase classification. Thermal microscopy is also used extensively in examination of the alignment processes of liquid crystals, and, in a related context, electric-field studies on meso-phases are carried out in aligned cells. Electric-field studies are now used as adjuncts to phase classification, e.g., antiferroelectric phases are sometimes identified in the microscope with the aid of electric-field studies. 

Sonication is also another method of generating co-crystals. It is applied to a solution or suspension. Although this technique is little used in co-crystal screening, a recent study has shown that pure co-crystals could be obtained using ultrasound assisted solution co-crystallization, where conventional solution crystallization failed. he use of melt crystallization methods have also been reported as efficient co-crystal screening methodologies. These techniques include thermal microscopy" " and differential scanning calorimetry methods." ... 

Various sophisticated instrumental methods have been developed to characterize polymer blends and compatibility, including thermal, microscopy, spectroscopy and other processing techniques. Recently, ultrasound has also been applied extensively to the study of polymer blend properties in both solutions and solids. The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation by the interaction of the propagating wave were used to investigate the various physical properties of the polymer blends, including density, compatibility, molecular orientation, and phase inversion. 

In addition, to mechanical and adhesion properties, AFM can also be used to study thermal properties of polymers on nanometer and even molecular scales. Various modes of AFM, such as FFM, and shear modulation force microscopy " were... 

Seehra, M. S., and Pavlovic, A. S., X-ray diffraction, thermal expansion, electrical conductivity, and optical microscopy studies of coal-derived graphites. Carbon, 1993, 31, 557 564. 

Here, we will describe experimental studies on capillary filling of CNTs. Because of the focus of this chapter, we have taken examples from the work in our own laboratory certainly we may have inadvertently ignored other exciting work from other laboratories in the world. Still the preparation of a sample of purified and filled CNTs have yet to be developed, so that the study of filled tubes have been and can only be performed by electron microscopy and associated techniques. We have tried to describe in detail all the steps involved in the procedure of capillary filling, such as CNT production, opening, filling and final thermal processing. 

Silver nitrate (AgN03) is a compound that fulfills the precedent requirements (Till = 212°C), and also it can be easily decomposed into pure silver by thermal treatment at 400 °C. As mentioned before, the basic characterisation technique for this studies is transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the atoms with rather high atomic number would facilitate the detection of the nanorods. 

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