Structures of aliphatic compounds

Remarkable are the relations between the chemical structure of aliphatic compounds and their odour threshold for the human olfactory system and hence for their importance in aroma chemistry. Thus, e.g. the odour threshold for alkanals decreases with increasing number of carbon atoms (C5 to C10), the introduction of a double bond generally lowering the threshold. In general, it can be assumed that alkenals... 

Zahradnik R, Chvapil M. Study of the relationships between the magnitude of biological activity and the structure of aliphatic compounds. Experientia 1960 16 511-512. 

BlaC34 Blair, C. M., Henze, H. R. The number of structural isomers of the more important types of aliphatic compounds. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 157. 

Sweetness is a quality that defies definition, but whose complexity can be appreciated merely by examining the molecular structures of those compounds that elicit the sensation. They come in all molecular shapes and sizes, and they belong to such seemingly unrelated classes of compounds as aliphatic and aromatic organic compounds, amino acids, peptides and proteins, carbohydrates, complex glycosides, and even certain inorganic salts. 

Molecular representations and functional groups in organic compounds, (a) Different ways to represent the structures of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, (b) Some important functional groups attached to organic skeletons, and the corresponding names of organic compounds. 

For a treatise, see Regitz Maas Diazo Compounds Academic Press New York. 1986. For reviews of the reactions of aliphatic diazo compounds with acids, sec Hcgarty. in Patai The Chemistry of Diazonium and Diazo Groups, pt. 2 Wiley New York, 1978, pp. 511-591. pp. 571-575 More O Fcrrall Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 1967, 5. 331-399. For review of the structures of these compounds, see Studzinskii Korobitsyna Russ. Chem. Rev. 1970, 39. 834-843. 

Aromatic compounds (also called arenes) include benzene and compounds that resemble benzene in chemical behavior. Those properties of benzene that distinguish it from aliphatic hydrocarbons are called aromatic properties. Usually the structures of aromatic compounds are formed with benzene as the basic building block, although a few... 

DIAMINES AND HIGHER AMINES, ALIPHATIC. The aliphatic diamine and polyaminc family encompasses a wide range of multifunctional. mullireactivc compounds. This family includes ethylenediamine I EDA) and its homologues. the polyethylene polyamines (commonly referred to as ethyleneainines). the diaminoprnpancs and several specific alkancdiamines. and analogous polyamines. The molecular structures of these compounds may be linear, branched or cyclic, or combinations of these. 

Kinney, C.R. 1938. A system correlating molecular structure of organic compounds with their boiling points. I Aliphatic boiling point numbers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60 3032-39. 

As a result of interaction of 843 and pyridine, the adduct 845 is formed [53], The structures of coordination compounds 844 and 845 were proved by x-ray diffraction. As shown above (Sec. 3.4.3.2), the direct ammonia synthesis [55,56] with participation of various ligands (especially aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines, aminoalcohols), elemental metals (or their oxides), and NH4SCN in mostly non-aqueous media, opens definite possibilities for obtaining thiocyanate complexes. In this respect, transformation (4.9) should be mentioned [57] ... 

Gerhold, R.M., Malaney, G.W. (1966) Structural determinants in the oxidation of aliphatic compounds by activated sludge. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 38, 562-579. 

Malaney, G.W., Gerhold, R.W. (1962) Structural determinants in the oxidative breakdown of aliphatic compounds by domestic activated sludge. In Proc. 17th Indust. Waste Conf. Purdue Univ. Ext. Ser. 112, 249-257. 

Conjugation has a great influence on the structure of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds. Thus, the existence of an amino form has been established (in addition to the extreme case of aromatic amines17) for all compounds where the double bond is conjugated with a carbonyl group (or its equivalent),12 with esters12,18 and nitriles of a,/8-un-saturated /8-amino acids,519,20 and with /8-amino-ketones. The /3-keto-esters ethyl 2-cyclopentanone- 1-carboxylate and ethyl 2-cyclo-hexanone-l-carboxylate exist as mixtures containing 95% of the keto... 

Disubstituted 4-phenyl-5-phenylimino-l,3,4-thiadiazolines (203 X = NPh) are prepared by the reaction of phenyl isothiocyanate with ketonic phenylhydrazones in DMF in the presence of sodium hydride. Replacing the isothiocyanate with carbon disulfide leads to (203 X = S). Aliphatic aldehydes react similarly however, benzaldehyde phenyl-hydrazone furnishes the thiosemicarbazone which on thermolysis yields the thiadiazoline (204). The structures of these compounds are supported by detailed spectroscopic measurements (80JCS(P1)574>. 

Carbon and hydrogen atoms can be arranged in many ways to produce a great variety of compounds. Yet another way involves triple bonds in the structure of compounds. This bond structure creates a class of aliphatic compounds called alkynes. Alkynes are aliphatic compounds that contain one or more triple bonds. 

For each structural diagram, write the IUPAC name and identify the type of aliphatic compound. 

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