Structure Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy

It is suggested that P occupies an empty tetrahedral position. Yubero et al. (2000) claim, on the basis of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, that up to 0.04 mol mol of Ar could be incorporated in the structure of hematite prepared from Fe(CO)s by ion beam assisted deposition in the presence of 0 and Ar", followed by annealing at 500 °C. 

Using various amines added to the ammonia bath (in most cases with added hydrazine), sphalerite ZnS fihns were obtained with a crystal size of ca. 3 nm [ 118]. Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) analyses showed that there was about twice as much Zn in the fihns as S. (More basic solution and more hydrazine gave more stoichiometric films). Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EX-AFS) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (EUR) spectroscopy showed that the fihns did not have Zn-0 groups but rather Zn-OH ones [122] and that there is probably a mixture of ZnS and unreacted Zn(OH)2, quite likely as a ZnS shell around a Zn(OH)2 core. Optical spectra gave a bandgap of ca. 3.85 eV, considerably blue-shifted from the bulk value of 3.6 eV, as expected from such small crystals. 

Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction Scanning Electron Microscopy Surface (Sensitive) Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure... 

It was also revealed that Tm3+ ions doped in GaN QDs embedded in AIN layer are partially located in the GaN QDs and partially at the GaN/AIN interface by means of structural characterizations such as EXAFS and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) (Andreev et al., 2005a). Consistently, CL spectra (fig. 21) can be well interpreted by assuming that Tm3+ is located inside QDs but also in the surrounding AIN spacer. (1) Intense sharp emission lines from the 1le, JD2, and1G4 levels of Tm3+ in the blue-green region (450-550 nm), which were absent for the Tm-doped GaN thick layer, were observed in the PL spectrum (fig. 21b). This provides clear evidence for Tm3+ ions located in QDs. (2) Compared to the PL spectrum, the CL spectrum of the same GaN Tm QD sample (fig. 21c) shows additional sharp lines which coincide with those of the CL spectrum of AIN (fig. 2Id). Thus it confirms that Tm3+ ions are also present in the AIN barrier layer. 

In addition to these characterization tools, surface analytical techniques such as surface matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (Surface MALDI) mass spectrometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine stmcture spectroscopy (NEXAFS) are used to obtain structural and chemical details about surface thin films. Surface MALDI, also known as MALDI-ToF MS (see Section 5.4.2), offers high mass resolution for analyzing surface films and molecular layers using the m/z of various ions generated from the sample surface (mixed with an... 

We have briefly covered some of the important developments in structural characterization techniques. There are many other techniques such as Mossbauer spectroscopy, positron annihilation and Rutherford backscattering which have wide applications. Mossbauer spectroscopy is specially useful to investigate different oxidation states, spin-states and coordinations of metal ions, phase transitions, magnetic ordering. 

The solid-state chemical, optical, and physical properties of the RE, Y, and Sc orthophosphates have been extensively investigated by means of numerous techniques. Such studies include optical spectroscopy (Trukhin and Boatner 1997), x-ray absorption (Shuh et al. 1994), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (Abraham et al. 1981, Boatner et al. 1981b), Mossbauer (Huray et al. 1982), Rutherford backscattering (Sales et al. 1983), and other techniques. Additionally, scanning ellipsometry has been used by Jellison and Boatner (2000) to determine the spectroscopic refractive indices of the xenotime-structure RE orthophosphates. The extensive range of studies of these orthophosphates was motivated initially by the potential application of the orthophosphates to radioactive waste disposal and subsequently by the other applications... 

Ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS) and Rutherford backscattering Ions Ions Chemical (imposition Atomic structure... 

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