Characterization and structure

Armchair SWNTs are metals those with n — m = 3k, where k is a nonzero integer, are semiconductors with a tiny band gap and all others are semiconductors with a band gap that inversely depends on the nanotube diameter [8b, 17, 18]. The MWNTs consist of capped concentric cylinders separated by 3.45 A (which is slightly larger than the interlayer spacing in graphite) because the number of carbon atoms increases as we go from an inner cylinder to an outer cylinder and it is not possible to maintain perfect ABAB stacking as in graphite. Thus, an inter- 

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Carbon blacks are typical fillers for reinforcing rubber. An extensive literature has been devoted to the manufacture, structure, and characterization of carbon blacks, as well to their effects as fillers in polymers. Some specific and more detailed information can be found in Refs. [38,48]. 

Simons BH, P Barnett, EGM Vollenbroek, HL Dekker, AO Muijsers, A Messerschmidt, R Wever (1995) Primary structure and characterization of the vanadium chloroperoxidase from the fungus Curvularia inaequalis. Eur J Biochem 229 566-574. 

We performed CO-IR measurement on Pt/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles with core/shell structures and characterized their structures [132]. Figure 12 showed the CO-IR probe spectra of Pd-core/Pt-shell bimetallic nanoparticles with different Pd Pt ratios. 

S. T. Picraux, B.L. Doyle, and J.Y. Tsao, Structure and Characterization of Strained-Layer... 

Suzuki, N. and Ishida, H A review on the structure and characterization techniques of silane/matrix interphases, Macromol. Symp., 108, 19-53 (1996). 

J. R. Brown, R Shockley, Serum Albumin Structure and Characterization of Its Ligand Binding Sites , in Lipid-Protein Interactions , Eds. P. C. Jost, O. H. Griffith, Wiley, New York, 1982, Vol. 1, p. 25-68. 

Aoyama, C., Yamazaki, N., Terada, H., and Ishidate, K.., 2000, Structure and characterization of the genes for murine choline/ethanolamine kinase isozymes alpha and beta. J. Lipid. Res 41 452-464... 

Balnois E, Papastavrou G, Wilkinson KJ (2007) Force microscopy and force measurements of environmental colloids. In Wilkinson KJ, Lead JR, editors. Environmental Colloids and Particles Behaviour, Structure and Characterization. Chichester Wiley, pp 405 68... 

Ghanges in Mn—N bond distances taken from, F. Hossain, Synthesis, Structure and Characterization of Low-spin Mn(III)-Bisfpoly pyrazolyl)borate] Complexes, M.S. Thesis Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 2004... 

Because of their favorable elemental compositions, heteroaromatic nitro compounds represent explosives of high performance (oxygen balance, density, heat of formation and VOD) compared with analogous aromatic explosives [136-138]. With this objective, Licht and co-workers have synthesized some methylnitramine substituted pyridines and triazines, established their structures and characterized them for thermal and impact sensitivities [139]. The data on impact sensitivity, however, indicate that tetryl may not be replaced by these explosives. 

In 1943, A. C. Byrns et al. (7), of Union Oil of California published the first study showing under semi-industrial conditions the relative activities of Mo03 and CoO and the mechanical mixture of these two oxides, which they compared to C0M0O4 supported on bentonite. These authors demonstrated that a mixture of molybdenum and cobalt in their oxidic state should be chemically associated in order to be very active, while the simple mechanical mixture only showed the additive activities of the individual oxides. However, these authors mainly emphasized the behavior of these catalysts under different industrial conditions and reduced their discussion of catalyst structure and characterization to a few lines of speculation. 

Simons BH, Barnett P, Vollenbroek EGM, Dekker HL, Muijsers AO, Messerschmidt A, Wever R (1995) Primary Structure and Characterization of the Vanadium Chloroperoxidase from the Fungus Curvularia inaequalis. Eur J Biochem 229 566... 

Fiedler TJ, Davey CA, Fenna RE (2000) X-Ray Crystal Structure and Characterization of Halide-Binding Sties of Human Myeloperoxidase at 1.8 A Resolution. J Biol Chem 275 11964... 

Much of the preceding work has focused on the theoretical description of relatively small molecular systems. Predicting the electronic structure and characterizing the potential energy surface of such systems using methods such as DFT is feasible with modem codes and computers in a routine way. Rapid calculations taking a few hours are possible for systems of 50,100, or even 200 atoms, which include many inorganic... 

Turel I, Leban I, Klintschar G, et al. 1997. Synthesis, crystal structure, and characterization of two metal-quinolone compounds. J Inorg Biochem 66(2) 77-82. 

Choosing the structures and characterizing the electronic state of the system... 

Inorganic open-framework compounds constitute an important class of materials that has attracted much attention as evidenced by the vast number of research papers published in the last few years. Although work in this area started with aluminium silicates1,2 because of their important uses in sorption and catalysis, much of the recent work pertains to the structure and characterization of open-framework metal phosphates and carboxylates. Both these families of open-framework materials have been reviewed recently.3 7 Since open-framework silicates and phosphates can essentially be... 

The equation (6) defines three factors, affecting on polymeric materials thermostability polymer chemical constitution, characterized by value Tm structure of polymeric meet, characterized by dimension Af and type (intensity) oxidant diffusion, connected with structure and characterized by exponent P [14]. 

It has been shown how various factors can affect the appearance of XRD patterns and how the subtle differences in those patterns can be used to gain valuable structural and characterization information. It is clear that in order to understand a material and define it properly, all of these factors must be examined carefully. Techniques in addition to XRD, particularly electron microscopy, but also sorption and spectroscopy, should be utilized when attempting to understand the nature of a new catalyst material. Finally, it must be recognized that published XRD powder data for a given material can tell much about its structural nature but, to interpret the XRD data properly, it is also necessary to be aware of sample history, data collection parameters, morphology, etc. In short, one must know as much as possible about the various factors that affect the x-ray diffraction characteristics of catalyst materials. 

Nomura, M., Zou, Z., Joh, T., Takihara, Y, Matsuda, Y., and Shimada, K. (1996). Genomic structures and characterization of Rael family members encoding GPl-anchored cell surface proteins and expressed predominantly in embryonic mouse brain. / Biochem. 120(5), 987-995. 

Alizadeh, M.H., Eshtiagh-Hosseini, H., and Khoshnavazi, R. (2004) Synthesis, structure, and characterization of a new sandwich-type arsenotungstocerate, [As2Wi8Ce307i(H20)3] . Journal of Molecular Structure, 688, 33-39. 

Ying Lu received a Ph.D degree from Northeast Normal University in 2005 under the supervision of Professor Enbo Wang. From 2006 to 2008 she worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Ulm with Professor Dirk Volkmer. Currently she is an Associate Professor in Northeast Normal University. Her research is focused on the synthesis, structure and characterization of polyoxometalate-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials. 

Squaric acid 4,4 -Bipyridine Structure and characterization of the 1 1 cocrystal, and study of the single-crystal to single-crystal phase transition around 175 °C [50]... 

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