Structural interrelationships among

Figure 2.6 Structural interrelationships among diaryl- and triarylcarbenium dyes. Pyronine = xanthene 29 (R = CH3) is Bindschedler s Green.

Recent advances in the structural interrelationships among humic substances of marine and estuarine sedimentary origin is discussed in the chapter by P.G. Hatcher and W.H. Orem. 

Structural Interrelationships among Humic Substances in Marine and Estuarine Sediments... 

Structural interrelationships among the subfractions are not established and conversions in one (45) or both (40) directions have been reported. Binding of extrinsic molecules (36) as well as different conformational states ( conformers ) (40), deamidations (45), and oxidations of SH groups (51,52) have been suggested as possible causes for these subtractions. Combined effects or alternative explanations in different cases may not be excluded. 

Important conclusions about the interrelationship among aromaticity indices drawn from energetic, structural, and magnetic criteria stem from principal component analysis of the problem (89JA7). The scheme of principal components is given by... 

The chemical interrelationships among these seemingly widely different types of compounds justify the recognized segregation of the terpenes from other fields of organic chemistry. The structural significance of the isoprene residue ( C-C-C) to the different types of terpene carbon skeletons has already been indicated. The simplest type of terpene is an open-chain olefinic structure formed by the union of two isoprene units. Such compounds are called the acyclic terpenes. From two units of isoprene or from the simple acyclic structures, under proper conditions, simple... 

The preceding qualitative picture requires further investigation of both the energetics and structural changes in models and cobalamins. However, if it represents a reasonable approximation of the interrelationships among structure, coordination number, and axial bond strengths, then the intermediacy of 5-coordinate ComR species in the enzymatic process involving Co" and radical chemistry of coenzyme B -dependent enzymes appears unlikely. 

The soil is a complex structure with close interrelationship among factors that influence biodegradation of pesticides, such as the structure of the pesticide, presence of an effective, active microbial community capable of degradation, and bioavailability of the compound in space and time (sorption, moisture content, temperature, nutrients, and soil pH) to enzymes or to whole cells (Aislabie and Lloydjones, 1995). 

Benigni, R., Andreoli, C. and Giuliani, A. (1989). Interrelationships among Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Acute Toxicity, and Chemical Structure in a Genotoxicity Data Base. J. Toxico-lEnv.Health, 27,1-20. 

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the properties and applications for refractory oxides. The sections that follow describe applications, review fundamental chemical and physical aspects, introduce processing methods, list important physical properties, and discuss materials selection criteria for refractory oxides. The organization of this chapter reflects that the performance of ceramic materials depend on interrelationships among structure, processing, and inherent properties. 

An important observation in structure-activity studies was made by Ferguson in 1939 when he demonstrated an interrelationship among much of the earlier work (22). Equation 2 was postulated to describe the biological responses of several congeneric series, where Ct is the concen-... 

It may seem that the various structure-activity models and parameters are not truly so independent as they are presented here. Certainly this suspicion is justified. Recently, Singer and Purcell evaluated the interrelationships among the quantitative structure—activity models and illustrated their similarities (125). Also, the parameters used in these models can not be totally independent of one another. One merely attempts to find those parameters which alone or in combination best describe the biological activity. In view of this, Leo et al. have reported a comparison of the parameters currently used in studies of this type (86). 

Hayashi H, Noguchi T and Tasumi M (1989) Studies on the interrelationship among the intensity of a Raman marker band of carotenoids, polyene chain-structure, and efficiency of the energy transfer from carotenoids to bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthetic bacteria. Photochem Photobiol 49 337-343 Horton P, Ruban AV and Walters RG (1996) Regulation of light harvesting in green plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Mol Biol 47 655-684... 

An important theme of this volume is the interrelationships among materials chemistry, photonic and optoelectronic properties, and device performance. The design and synthesis of novel polymer compositions and architectures aimed at enhanced properties are emphasized in some chapters. Other contributions feature the development of novel approaches to processing and fabrication of photonic and optoelectronic polymers into thin films, multilayers, fibers, waveguides, gratings, and device structures. These approaches, which emphasize polymer synthesis, processing, and device fabrication, are complementary and synergistic. 

Okorokov, S.D., "Interrelationship Among Composition, Structure, and Properties of Clinker," Cemient, No. 6, Leningrad, 1975. 

Thermochemical scales derived from equilibrium constant determinations are relative values, and absolute assignments for appropriate quantities require reliable calibration values of ionization energy, electron affinity, or proton affinity, for example. Moreover, because of the interrelationships among the thermochemical data for structurally similar molecules, the scale must be evaluated as a whole, not just for individual molecules, and must demonstrate internal consistency among the variables G, H, and S. 

This chapter is divided into ten sections (1) introduction (2) allotropic forms of carbon (3) processing routes of carbon (4) structure of some novel phases of carbon (5) electrical and electronic properties of conducting carbon (6) electronic structure to explain electrical and optical properties (here we introduce the mechanism of conduction, interaction between carriers, localization, and the role of hydrogen concentration and dopant in the conductivity of carbon films) (7) optical properties (8) spectroscopic study (IR, Raman) (9) defect study in amorphous carbon and (10) applications and conclusions. We wish to give a view of novel forms of carbon and to analyze their special characteristics rather than review the well-known earlier work. The interrelationship among the different sections gives a complete picture of amorphous carbon and its importance at present from various aspects. 

This book develops the subject of physical polymer science, describing the interrelationships among polymer structure, morphology, and physical and mechanical behavior. Key aspects include molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, and the organization of the atoms down the polymer chain. Many polymers crystallize, and the size, shape, and organization of the... 

Research in polymer science continues to mushroom, producing a plethora of new elastomers, plastics, adhesives, coatings, and fibers. All of this new information is gradually being codified and unified with important new theories abut the interrelationships among polymer structure, physical properties, and useful behavior. Thus the ideas of thermodynamics, kinetics, and polymer chain structure work together to strengthen the field of polymer science. 

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