Structural architecture

Carpita N. Tierney M. Campbell M. (2001) Molecular biology of the plant cell wall Searching for genes that define structure, architecture and dynamics // Plant Mol. Biol. V. 47. P. 1- 5. 

The three-dimensional structural architecture of plant defensins is exemplified by the structure of Rs-AFP, ° which comprises an N-terminal /3-strand followed by an ct-helix and two /3-strands (/3a/3/3 configuration). The /3-strands form a triple-stranded antiparallel /3-sheet. The three-dimensional structure is stabilized by three disulfide bonds. In general, in plant defensins two disulfide bonds form between the ct-helix and the central /3-strand. A third disulfide bond stabilizes the structure by linking the /3-strand after the helix to the coiled part after the ct-helix. This motif is called the cysteine-stabilized a/3-motif (CSa/3)" and also occurs in toxins isolated from insects, spiders, and scorpions.The fourth disulfide bond links the C-terminal end of the peptide with the N-terminal /3-strand. Two plant defensins, PhDl and PhD2, feature a fifth disulfide bond and have been proposed to be the prototypes of a new subclass within plant defensins." As a result of these structural features the global structure of plant defensins is notably different from o //3-thionins, which is one of the reasons for the different nomenclature. The structures of plant defensins Rs-AFP ° and NaDf are shown in Figure 6, where they are compared to the thionin /3-purothionin and the structurally more related drosomycin and charybdotoxin. ... 

Not surprisingly, many of the structural architectures presented in this chapter are either key intermediates for compounds with significant and useful biological activities or are themselves biologically active. Thus, there is a vast number of publications in the patent literature which contain the important heterocyclic systems presented in this chapter. Presented here, together with some highlights from scientific papers are some illustrative examples. 

Some of the interesting structural architectures to be reviewed and their names are presented in Figure 1. 

For complexes 27 and 29, which contain the bpz dpz ligand, structural architectures that differ markedly from those of the previous complexes were found. The spatial disposition of the two pairs of chelating nitrogen atoms in the pyridazine derivative ligand causes the [Cu4L4 moieties to have, firstly, much shorter intramolecular Cu-Cu distances (ca. 3.6 A, see Table 3.1) and, secondly, also favors a nearly parallel alignment of opposite ligands L. As a result of these two features, the... 

Proteins may have a gigantic size and are constituted of the chaining of tens to several hundred various amino acids. They contribute to the support of the cell structural architecture, to the transport of numerous compounds by blood and most of aU they have enzymatic properties of catalysis of biochemical reactions (Fig. 3.54). 

Rotary granulator subclasses primarily are distinguished by their structural architecture. They have either open top architecture, such as a vertical centrifugal spheronizer, or closed top architecture, such as a closed top fluid bed dryer. 

Lieu, P.T. and Wagner, E.K. (2000) Two leaky-late HSV-1 promoters differ significantly in structural architecture. Virology, 272, 191-203. 

The structural architecture for this book is presented schematically in Figure 1.1. This model comprises three components design, methodology, and analysis. These components operate together in a process that is integrative, interactive, and ideally seamless. These components are three of the four central characters in this book The fourth central character is identified in Section 1.11. 

The utilization of solution-processable techniques for the fabrication of Pc-based nanoscale systems represents a relatively cheap and technologically appealing methodology, when compared to vacuum techniques, for the preparation of nano-structured architectures. 

Lipopolysaccharides are biosynthesized according to a common structural architecture (Scheme 4.1). They are composed of a hydrophilic hetero-polysaccharide... 

Carpita, N. C., Tierney, M., and Campbell, M., Molecular biology ofthe plant cell wall Searching for the genes that define structure, architecture and dynamics. Plant Molecular Biology 2001, 47, 1-5. 

The structure of a TRAF-C domain was first revealed from the crystal structure of the TRAP domain of human TRAF2 (Fig. 2A, E), alone and in complex with a receptor peptide from TNF-R2 (Park et al, 1999). The main structural architecture of the TRAF-G domain comprises an eight-stranded anti-parallel /3-sandwich, with strands j3, f38, (35, and (36 in one sheet and (32, (3S, (34, and (31 in the other. Visual inspection of the SCOP structure database (Murzin et al, 1995) and an automatic structural similarity search with the Dali program (Holm and Sander, 1995) showed that the TRAF-G domain represent a novel fold for an eight-stranded anti-parallel /3-sandwich. However, the topology observed... 

Macrotnolecules are formed by covalent bonding of a large number of monomeric units. This results in a wide variety of possible structural architectures, e.g. linear chains, branched chains, brush-like chains ( hairy rods ), star-like, tree-like ( hyperbranched ), perfectly branched ( dendritic ) structures (Figure 1) [14,15],... 

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