Strontium oxide, naming

Resoles are usually those phenolics made under alkaline conditions with an excess of aldehyde. The name denotes a phenol alcohol, which is the dominant species in most resoles. The most common catalyst is sodium hydroxide, though lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium hydroxides or oxides are also frequently used. Amine catalysis is also common. Occasionally, a Lewis acid salt, such as zinc acetate or tin chloride will be used to achieve some special property. Due to inclusion of excess aldehyde, resoles are capable of curing without addition of methylene donors. Although cure accelerators are available, it is common to cure resoles by application of heat alone. 

Calcium, strontium, and barium are called the alkaline earth metals, because their earths —the old name for oxides—are basic (alkaline). The name alkaline earth metals is often extended to all the members of Group 2 (Table 14.4). 

In 1787 William Cruikshank (1745-1795) isolated, but did not identify, strontium from the mineral strontianite he examined. In 1790 Dr. Adair Crawford (1748—1794), an Irish chemist, discovered strontium by accident as he was examining barium chloride. He found a substance other than what he expected and considered it a new mineral. He named the new element strontium and its mineral strontianite after a village in Scotland. In 1808 Sir Humphry Davy treated the ore with hydrochloric acid, which produced strontium chloride. He then mixed mercury oxide with the strontium chloride to form an amalgam alloy of the two metals that collected at the cathode of his electrolysis apparatus. He heated the resulting substance to vaporize the mercury, leaving the strontium metal as a deposit. 

William Cruickshank in 1787 and Adair Crawford in 1790 independently detected strontium in the mineral strontianite, small quantities of which are associated with calcium and barium minerals. They determined that the strontianite was an entirely new mineral and was different from baryta and other barium minerals known at the time. In 1808, Sir Humphry Davy isolated strontium by electrolysis of a mixture of moist strontium hydroxide or chloride with mercuric oxide, using a mercury cathode. The element was named after the town Strontian in Scotland where the mineral strontianite was found. 

How can the oxides, peroxides, and hydroxides of the alkaline-earth metals be prepared What are the commercial names of calcium and barium hydroxide solutions How do the solubility, basic properties, and thermal stability of the hydroxides change in the series calcium-strontium-barium ... 

Strontium was discovered by Irish chemist Adair Crawford in 1790 when he was studying the mineral witherite (BaCOg). But it s named after the Scottish village Strontian, where it was discovered in lead mines in 1787 it was not until 1808 that Sir Humphrey Davy isolated it for the first time. It was isolated using a mixture of strontium chloride and mercuric oxide in an electrolysis reaction. °Sr is formed in the nuclear fission of and 239pu unfortunately... 

The early chemists gave the name earth to many nonmetallic substances. Magnesium oxide and calcium oxide were found to have an alkaline reaction, and hence were called the alkaline earths. The metals themselves (magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium) were isolated in 1808 by Humphry Davy. Beryllium was discovered in the mineral beryl (BesAbSigOis) in 1798 and was isolated in 1828. 

In 1958, poly(ethylene oxide)s of very high molecular weight became available. These products range in molecular weight from about 100 000 to 5 x 10 and above. Details of the techniques used to manufacture these polymers have not been disclosed, but the essential feature is the use of (generally) heterogeneous initiator systems. Effective initiators are mainly of two types, namely alkaline earth compounds (e.g., carbonates and oxides of calcium, barium and strontium) and organometallic compounds (e.g., aluminium and zinc alkyls and alkoxides, commonly with added co-catalysts). 

Draw Lewis electron dot diagrams for the hydrides of strontium and sulfur. Actively using your diagrams and a table of electronegativities (see Figure 9.9), determine the oxidation state of the hydrogen in each case. Provide a name for each hydride. 

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