Reactions stripping

Charge-stripping reaction. An ion/neutral reaction that increases the positive charge on the reactant ion. 

The internal energy, U, of an ion which is formed in a stripping reaction is equal to the sum of the relative kinetic energy (according to Equation 11) plus the heat of the reaction W if W does not appear as... 

The isotope effects of reactions of HD + ions with He, Ne, Ar, and Kr over an energy range from 3 to 20 e.v. are discussed. The results are interpreted in terms of a stripping model for ion-molecule reactions. The technique of wave vector analysis, which has been successful in nuclear stripping reactions, is used. The method is primarily classical, but it incorporates the vibrational and rotational properties of molecule-ions which may be important. Preliminary calculations indicate that this model is relatively insensitive to the vibrational factors of the molecule-ion but depends strongly on rotational parameters. 

Hence, reactions which proceed via complex formation or stripping reactions involving transfer of a relatively massive moiety either are not observed or are registered at grossly distorted intensities. An additional complication is that elastic or nonreactive scattering collisions may allow a primary ion to be detected as a secondary ion. Simple charge transfer... 

Henglein (23) has constructed a machine for studying stripping reactions which does not fall into any of the above categories. It consists of an ion gun followed by a flight tube which also serves as a reaction chamber. A velocity selector scans the ions which have suffered little or no change in direction, and energy analysis of the secondary ion beam is used to deduce cross-sections and reaction mechanisms in chosen simple cases. 

Figure 5 compares the Cu coverage measured by AES and CV. The CV data were calculated from the integrated charge under the monolayer and multilayer stripping peaks assuming that the stripping reaction was... 

Reactions (2.205) and (2.206) are called second-order cathodic stripping reactions [134]. If the reacting ligand has a tendency to adsorb on the electrode snrface, the following mechanisms are encountered [136,137] ... 

Reaction (2.208) is a first-order cathodic stripping reaction with adsorption of the ligand [136], whereas reaction (2.210) is of second order [137]. Considering a mercurous salt formation, reaction (2.210) is written in the following form ... 

Here, cp = (E —E ) is a dimensionless potential and rs = 1 cm is an auxiliary constant. Recall that in units of cm s is heterogeneous standard rate constant typical for all electrode processes of dissolved redox couples (Sect. 2.2 to 2.4), whereas the standard rate constant ur in units of s is typical for surface electrode processes (Sect. 2.5). This results from the inherent nature of reaction (2.204) in which the reactant HgL(g) is present only immobilized on the electrode surface, whereas the product is dissolved in the solution. For these reasons the cathodic stripping reaction (2.204) is considered as an intermediate form between the electrode reaction of a dissolved redox couple and the genuine surface electrode reaction [135]. The same holds true for the cathodic stripping reaction of a second order (2.205). Using the standard rate constant in units of cms , the kinetic equation for reaction (2.205) has the following form ... 

Substituting the solutions for surface concentrations into the corresponding kinetic equations, one obtains integral equations for each cathodic stripping reaction. Numerical solution for the quasireversible electrode mechanism (2.204) is ... 

For example, uranium-238 when bombarded with fluorine-19 produced Md-252. Also, certain nuclear reactions carried out by heavy ion projectiles involve stripping reactions in which some protons and neutrons may transfer from the projectiles onto the target nucleus, but the latter might not capture the projectile heavy ion. 

The extraction and stripping reactions are located at the interfaces and the amount of carrier dissolved in the aqueous phases is negUgible. 

The stripping reaction is very fast due to large surface area of the phase I. 

Gulaboski R, Mirceski V, Komorsky-Loviic S, Lovric M (2004) Square-wave voltammetry of cathodic stripping reactions, diagnostic criteria, redox kinetic measurements, and analytical applications. Electroanalysis 16 832-842. 

Thus put, details of the individual reactions—which are, in any event, certain to be complex—remain as undetermined and debatable as before. What becomes clear (and consistent with experiment) is that (a) product gases such as carbon dioxide can form via two fundamentally unrelated paths (b) humic acids can be abstracted by secondary degradation or by stripping reactions such as decarboxylation (i.e. by reactions respectively characterized by kn> fe, etc. and by k) (c) in a sequential reaction series such as Reaction 2, a zero rate of humic acid formation denotes establishment of a steady state condition rather than formation of a simple equilibrium of the type coal humic acids. 

For reversible stripping reactions, the applied potential controls the concentration at the mercury-solution interface (according to the Nernst equation). Because of the rapid depletion of all the metal from thin mercury films, the stripping behavior at these electrodes follows a thin-layer behavior. The peak current for the linear scan operation at thin mercury film electrodes is thus given by... 

Let us consider stripping reactions first and, in particular, the most commonly encountered stripping reaction, the (d, p) reaction. Formally, the result of a (d, p) reaction is to introduce a neutron into the target nucleus, and thus this reaction should bear some resemblance to the simple neutron capture reaction. But because of the generally higher angular momenta associated with the (d, p) reaction, there can be differences between the two reactions. Consider the A (d, p) B reaction where the recoil nucleus B is produced in an excited state B. We sketch out a simple picture of this reaction and the momentum relations in Figure 10.16. 

Define or describe the following terms or phenomena direct reaction, compound nucleus, and stripping reaction. 

Attractive surfaces are normally associated with the forward scattering of stripping reactions, where A approaches BC and from a distance attaches itself to B, and continues on undeflected. 

The stripping reactions showing forward scattering and large cross sections are typified by reactions such as... 

Ion-molecule reactions have also proved fertile ground for both theoretical studies and experiment. Here there are mainly two typical ion-molecule mechanisms stripping reactions such as... 

The positive parity states are interesting because two 4+ states are seen with about equal strength and the previously unobserved decay of the higher one at 2.436 MeV is almost exclusively via a transition to the lower 4+ state. The positive parity of the higher 4+ state is determined from the L-2 character of the (3He,d) stripping reaction. 

Modeling of H F contactors is in most papers based on a simple diffusion resistance in series approach. In many systems with reactive extractants (carriers) it could be of importance to take into account the kinetics of extraction and stripping reactions that can influence the overall transport rate, as discussed in refs. [30,46], A simple shortcut method for the design and simulation of two-phase HF contactors in MBSE and MBSS with the concentration dependent overall mass-transfer and distribution coefficients taking into account also reaction kinetics in L/L interfaces has been suggested [47]. 

The flux of the stripping reaction, Jb/ can be described by the following equation when there is an excessive amount of NaOH in the stripping solution (pH 10.0) ... 

The reaction of OH with Br2 has been studied under crossed-mol-ecular beam conditions [38] and was found to indicate the existence of a stable HOBrBr complex with a lifetime of several rotational periods. The HOBr product translational energy distribution was found to be well described by the RRKM—AM model and to be similar to the OX distribution from the reactions O + Br2 and I2. This is despite the fact that OH is isoelectronic with a F atom and that the most relevant study shows that Cl + Br2 is a direct stripping reaction. The fraction of the total energy appearing in product translation is 36% and there is some indication that the beam source contains a small proportion of vibrationally excited OH which may account for the measured product translational energy distribution extending beyond the maximum allowed for the reaction OH(z> = 0) + Br2. 

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