Stripping factor chart

In this chapter we will discuss single theoretical stage Bubble-Point and Dew Point calculations and give examples as to how these can be used in our work. Then weTl discuss the use of the Absorption Factor and Stripping Factor chart, which can be used to design distillation towers. In order to use this chart in that way it is necessary to consider a distillation tower as two separate towers. The top of the tower is considered an absorber. The chart is then used in a different way to design the lower part of the distillation tower as a stripper. 

The Absorption factor or Stripping factor chart, as it is sometimes known, is shown in Fig. 50.5. It provides simple calculation methods for hydrocarbons when considering either an Absorber tower or a Stripper tower in hydrocarbon service, but for combination Absorber-Stripper towers the calculation procedures become iterative and a lot more complex. So for a combination Absorber-Stripper tower it is best not to attempt to use this chart. It is actually better to resort to a computer simulation. In fact, as a point of historical interest, Norman tells me that it was when the idea of combined Absorber-Stripper towers was first invented that brought about the use of computer simulations so as to handle all the intricate and cumbersome calculations needed to design them. 

Figure 50.5 Absorption factor or stripping factor chart.

Since the terminal compositions of the gas phase and NTUog are given, the stripping factor can be found by solving E(]. (11) for N, or by using the charts based on this equation in the references [l-3] ... 

Stripping Factor or Absorption Factor Chart for Stripping... 

We now refer to the chart shown in Fig. 50.11. Plot 0.2 (feed ethane remaining in bottoms) on the vertical axis and 5 (theoretical stages) on the horizontal axis. The intersection on the chart gives a stripping factor of 0.92. Thus ... 

Oxidant Air Pollution Monitoring. Oxidant air pollution was recorded continuously from April to November for five years with a Mast model 724-2 ozone meter and a strip chart recorder housed in a weatherproof enclosure. The permanent station was at Rim Forest (5640 ft elevation ) about two-fifths of a mile southwest of the study area. The ozone meters were calibrated every three to four weeks in the laboratory against buffered 2% KI. The calibration factor included a positive correction for the altitude difference of 4600 ft between the laboratory where calibration was done and the sample site. 

Following crystallization, the solid was separated from the mother liquor by filtration, washed with distilled water, and air dried in an oven at 100 C to remove loosely bound water. Samples of the dried powder were sent routinely to the x-ray laboratory. The fact that we could obtain a strip chart recording of the x-ray powder pattern within 30 minutes was an important factor in the pace of our work. Adsorption evaluations were facilitated by use of multiple, quartz spring, McBain-Bakr balances connected in parallel. As many as 16 adsorbent samples could be evaluated simultaneously. 

For differential thermal analysis, two tubes were positioned symmetrically in the nickel block. One tube contained the mixture to be examined by thermal analysis the other was used as a reference. Satisfactory baseline behavior in the record of the differential thermocouple was obtained by operating with the reference tube filled with air at 1 atm. pressure. The voltage indicating the difference between the sample and reference thermocouples was fed into a d.c. amplifier, capable of multiplying the difference signal by factors varying from 2.5 to 100. The amplified signal was displayed by a suitable strip chart recorder. 

Delivery Pump. A constant-delivery pump permits the time axis of a strip-chart recorder to be used as the volume-of-titrant axis (with a simple conversion factor). Typically, a syringe driven by a synchronous motor (that drives a carriage or screw) is used, and solutions can be delivered at constant rates ranging down to a few microliters per minute. Because of their variable flow rates, the more common peristaltic pumps are not often used for thermometric titrations. 

The pass/fail results for the QLFT or fit tests factor and strip chart recording or other recording of the test results for QNFT... 

The eluted components are detected by a flame ionization detector and recorded on a strip chart or computer system. The individual carbon numbers are identified by comparing the retention times obtained firom a qualitative standard with the retention times of the wax sample. The percent of each hydrocarbon number through C44 is calculated via internal standard calculations af applying response factors. 

With respect to the degree of separation of side-stream products, they nearly substantiate an early Packie chart and were able to extend it downward to lower F factors (product of reflux ratio and number of plates) as shown in Fig. 16-23. The solid lines of Fig. 16-23 for less than 0.1 lb steam per gal of heavy product can also be used according to Packie s data for products which have not been stripped with steam. 

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