Stress peptic ulcer disease

Intravenous histamine-2-receptor antagonists such as ranitidine, famotidine, and cimetidine are compatible with PN and can be added to the daily PN for prevention of stress-related mucosal damage and peptic ulcer disease. This provides a continuous acid suppression and reduces nursing time by avoiding intermittent scheduled infusions. 

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) refers to a group of ulcerative disorders of the upper GI tract that require acid and pepsin for their formation. Ulcers differ from gastritis and erosions in that they extend deeper into the muscularis mucosa. The three common forms of peptic ulcers include Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated ulcers, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced ulcers, and stress-related mucosal damage (also called stress ulcers). 

Patients with peptic ulcer disease should reduce psychological stress, cigarette smoking, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and should avoid foods and beverages that exacerbate ulcer symptoms. 

Peptic ulcer disease is erosion of gastric or duodenal mucosa by acid and pepsin. It is exacerbated by stress, alcohol, cigarette smoking, some foods and aspirin-like drugs. 

Peptic ulcer disease is one common illness that affects more than 6 million persons in the United States each year (Sandler et al. 2001) and is strongly linked wifii increased rate of cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, psychological stress, regular use of aspirin, and prolonged use of steroids. Infection with Helicobacter pylori also substantially increases the risk for peptic ulcer and its complications (Papatheodo-ridis et al. 2006). Essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum also... 

For millions of years prokaryotes have orchestrated their genetic players to produce survival strategies that overcome almost all ills that bacterial flesh is heir to. Infection of mammalian gastric mucosae by Helicobacter spp. is due to this organism s insistence on habitation of probably the most unfriendly environment in the mammalian body, the inside of the stomach. The eradication of H. pylori for treatment of peptic ulcer disease not associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids or severe stress is now accepted as part of medical treatment of this set of illnesses. Whether the infection should always be treated with violence is a point of discussion [1]. 

The complications of acid peptic disease usually represent the sequelae of long-standing or chronic ulceration. Occasionally, such events may occur in an acute setting, but in such circumstances, the acute presentation often represents administration of a drug such as an NSAID, aspirin, or alcohol or exposure to the stress of trauma or major surgery. For the most part, bleeding and perforation are the most dramatic and the most common, with penetration and obstruction being less frequent and far less acute in their presentations. 

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