Strauss solution

Fig. 14.6 Time-temperature-carbon content sensitization curves for type 304 stainless steel in a mixture of CUSO4 and H2SO4 containing free copper (Strauss solution) [10]...

Fig. 14.7 Etching by Strauss solution of specimens sensitized at different temperatures [1]...

Photochemical reduction. A deoxygenated aqueous solution of FMN (50 pM) containing 2mM EDTA is irradiated with a longwave UV light immediately before use (Nickerson and Strauss, 1960 Strauss and Nickerson, 1961). The reduction of FMN is accompanied by the formation of H202, which might be undesirable in some experiments. 

The pioneering work on amphiphilic polyelectrolytes goes back to 1951, when Strauss et al. [25] first synthesized amphiphilic polycations by quaternization of poly(2-vinylpyridine) with n-dodecyl bromide. They revealed that the long alkyl side chains attached to partially quaternized poly(vinylpyridine)s tended to aggregate in aqueous solution so that the polymers assumed a compact conformation when the mole fraction of the hydrophobic side chains exceeded a certain critical value. Thus, Strauss et al. became the first to show experimentally the intramolecular micellation of amphiphilic polymers and the existence of a critical content of hydrophobic residues which may be compared to the critical micelle concentration of ordinary surfactants. They called such amphiphilic polyelectrolytes polysoaps [25],... 

Halogenoalkynes are also formed from alkynes and aqueous solutions of hypohalites. In these reactions, alkynylide anions are transient intermediates. The conversions give good results only when the acetylene has a low pK (e.g. aryl-feCH and ROCCsCH) or good solubility in water (e.g..HC-CCXCHj OH) [122], The hypohalite method of Strauss [123] has most applications in the synthesis of bromoacetylenes. 

Gross LM, Strauss UP (1966) In Conway BE, Barradas RG (eds) Chemical physics of ionic solutions, Wiley, New York p 361... 

G. S. Manning, Limiting laws for equilibrium and transport properties of polyelectrolyte solutions, in Polyelectrolytes, E. S61dgny, M. Mandel, and U.P. Strauss, eds., D. Riedel, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1974, p. 9. 

Strauss, U. P., Helfgott, C., and Pink, H. (1967). Interactions of polyelectrolytes with simple electrolytes. II. Donnan equilibria obtained with DNA in solutions of 1—1 electrolytes. J. Phys. Chem. 71, 2550-2556. 

Almost three decades ago, Strauss and co-workers 18) carried out classic work on polysoaps (23) comprised of poly-4-vinylpyridine which had been quatemized on up to 38 % of the nitrogens with n-dodecyl bromide those nitrogens that escaped reaction with n-dodecyl bromide were then derivatized with ethyl bromide. Now addition of KBr to an aqueous solution of a polyelectrolyte normally decreases the viscosity. This is not true for the 38 % polysoap (23) where the viscosity increases with... 

Figure 1.6 Changes in the viscosities of solutions of polyphosphates of different chain lengths on keeping for 12 h, where the abscissa represents the mean chain length as determined by end-group titration (a) immediately after solution (b) after keeping for 12 h (Strauss and Treitler, 1955b).

U. P. Strauss and T. L. Treitler (1955b). Degradation of polyphosphates in solution. I. Kinetics and mechanism of the hydrolysis at branching points in polyphosphate chains. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 3553-3559. 

U. P. Strauss, E. H. Smith and P. Y. Wineman (1953). Polyphosphates as poly electrolytes. I. Light scattering and viscosity of sodium polyphosphates in electrolyte solutions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 3935-3941. 

S 24 Strauss, U. F., and P. L. Wineman Molecular dimensions and interaction of long chain polyphosphates in sodium bromide solutions. J. Am. Chem. See. 80, 2366 (1958). 

A series of unusual amidinium benzomorphans has been described by Strauss et a/.<53 55) where some members of the series exhibit narcotic antagonist properties. Their synthesis involves a meta bridging process of di- and trinitronaphthalenes (116) with a-phenyl N,N-dimethylacetamidine (117) to produce two isomeric benzazocine amidinium nitronates as their a-phenyl-N,N-dimethylacetamidinium salts (AmH+). The benzomorphan 118 is formed in ethanolic solution, whereas the isomeric benzazocine (119) results from reaction in dimethylsulfoxide. 

Polymer-surfactant aggregates formed "In-sltu" In solution can dissociate or change their structure depending upon the solution conditions. Such changes can be avoided by either polymerizing appropriately chosen structures of surfactants or by using preformed entitles which combine the two features In the same molecule. We refer here to polymeric surfactants. The concept of polymeric surfactants Is not new. To some extent proteins themselves embody this principle. Strauss and co-workers studied "polysoaps" derived from... 

Finally the results recently reported by DUBIN and Strauss are certainly worth mentioning, Potentiometric titration of alternating copolymers of maleic anhydride and n-butyl ether indicates that there occurs a conformational transition which is not exhibited by a copolymer of maleic anhydride and ethyl vinyl ether (Fig. 7). The anomalous behavior of the butyl copol3mier is clearly cormected with the establishment of hydrophobic interactions among the butyl groups. Dubin and Strauss conclude that the maleic anhydride and n-butyl vinyl ether copolymer is hypercoiled in dilute aqueous solution. These authors also point out that the behavior of the latter copolymer is identical with that previously found for highly charged polysoaps. 

Strauss, U. P., and P. Ander Molecular dimensions and interactions of lithium polyphosphate in aqueous lithium bromide solutions. J. Phi s. Chem. 66, 2235 (1962). 

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