Quaternized poly-4-vinylpyridine

Recently, the quaternized poly-4-vinylpyridine, 50-54 (QPVP) was found to be an electron acceptor in the charge-transfer interactions 104 Ishiwatari et al.105) studied alkaline hydrolyses of p-nitrophenyl-3-indoleacetate 58 (p-NPIA) and N-(indole-3-acryloyl) imidazole 59 (IAI) (electron donor) in the presence of QPVP. The fcobs vs. polyelectrolyte concentration plots are shown in Fig. 12. As is seen in... 

Pyridine groups show the nucleophilic catalytic activity. Letsinger and Saveride122 hydrolyzed 2,4-dinitrophenyl-acetate, 72 (DNPA) and 3-nitro-4-acetoxybenzene-sulfonate, 66 (NABS) with partially quaternized poly-4-vinylpyridine (QPVP). 

PVP-Os Osmium-bipyridyl-modified quaternized poly 4-vinylpyridine) [102,206,207] PAH-Fc Ferrocene-modified polyallylamine [77, 101, 208] P(CM-FcJ Poly(vynil ferrocene) copolymer [224] PVn Polyalkylviologens (PVn, n number of methylene groups) [67, 104,... 

Polymer supports different from polystyrene show different response to % RS in triphase catalysis of nucleophilic displacements. Poly(4-vinylpyridines) 66-71 % alkylated with C8, C12, and C16 chains (6) give high yields of cyanide displacement on 1-bromooctane and on 1-iodooctane and of bromide/iodide exchange of the 1-halooctanes81,87). An 81.6% RS n-butyl-quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (6)... 

O, adsorption of Cu(II) on partially quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine), Cu-tempelate DBQP resin (erosslinking 42%), viscosity of polymer solution... 

Partially quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) is soluble in water, and can be studied in aqueous solution 81>. 

Izumrudov et al.145) reported non-equimolar water-soluble polyelectrolyte complexes composed of PMAA and quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) QPVP). When the pH is increased after making the mixing ratio (expressed as the molar ratio of [QPVP]/ [PMAA]) equal to unity in the neutralization (a) of PMAA beyond a = 0.8, it is confirmed that an equimolar water-insoluble complex is formed. If the initial... 

Table 16 summarizes the complexes formed between the vinyl-type analogs of nucleic acid and polynucleotides465,466). Poly(VA)-Poly(U) was assumed to exhibit a planar network structure. In addition, some studies on the interactions occurring in nucleic acid systems and model compounds bearing phosphate ester units on the side chains or the main chains480, and on interactions of poly(A) and quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) with bases have been reported48. ... 

The polyelectrolyte complex is prepared by mixing poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (NaSS) and partially quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (QPVP) at [NaSS]/[cationic site of QPVP] = 1.0... 

Ionic meso-tetraarylporphyrins can be bound to a range of charged supports including cross-linked polystyrene based anions,78 cations,79 exchange resins, cross-linked and quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine)80 and the oxides of silica, alumina and magnesia.81 Metalloporphyrins may be attached to supports by coordination of a ligand on the support to the metal centre. Such catalysts mimic... 

In a first example, for a densely grafted PEL brush system positively charged quaternized poly-4-vinylpyridine brushes have been prepared by following a two step approach [2, 63, 64, 66]. In the first step a neutral poly-4-vinylpyridine monolayer is prepared and, subsequently, charges are introduced by a second, polymer-analogous quaternization step. The grafting density of the parental neutral brush is adjusted by varying the polymerization time (Fig. 12) [63, 64]. The substrates were planar silicon substrates in... 

It was also observed that nonionic amphiphilic ABA polymers (e.g., PEO-PPO-PEO) [200,205], polycations (e.g., quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) [214] and hydrophobically modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [204] are able to accelerate translocation from the inside leaflet to the outside leaflet ( flip-flop ) within... 

Mechanistic studies by Haynes et al. demonstrated that the same catalytic cycle operates for both homogeneous and ionically attached systems [107,108]. Reaction of quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene-co-divinylbenzene) with [Rh(CO)2I]2 generated the ionically attached Rh(I) complex [Rh(CO)2I2] (Scheme 12). IR spectroscopy revealed v(CO) bands of the supported cis-[Rh(CO)2I2] at frequencies close to those observed for this complex in solution. The structure of the supported complex was also confirmed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, which showed that the geometry is very similar to that determined by X-ray crystallography for salts of [Rh(CO)2I2] -... 

Okubo and Ise quaternized poly-4-vinylpyridine with short and long alkyl groups and conducted alkaline hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters 2i = 1,2,4,7,11 and 15) (34). The greatest catalytic effect (ca. 140 times rate increase) was observed for... 

Eisenberg, H., and Pouyet, J., Viscosities of dilute aqueous solutions of a partially quaternized poly-4-vinylpyridine at low gradients of flow, J. Polym. Sci., 13, 85-91 (1954). 

Pergushov, D.V., Remizova, E.V., Gradzielski, M., Lindner, P., Feldthusen, J., Zezin, A.B., Muller, A.H.E. and Kabanov, V.A. (2004) Micelles of polyisobutylene-block-poly(methacrylic acid) diblock copolymers and their water-soluble interpolyelectrolyte complexes formed with quaternized poly(4 vinylpyridine). Polymer, 45, 367-378. 

The structure and reactivity of anionic complexes [M(CO)2l2] (M = Rh, Ir) supported on ion exchange resins based on quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene-co-divinylbenzene) have been investigated using a variety of techniques. The reactivity toward Mel of [M(CO)2l2l supported on thin polymer films was probed directly in situ by IR spectroscopy. For M = Ir oxidative addition gave a stable Me complex, [Ir(CO)2l3Me] , as observed in solution chemistry. The kinetic measurements represent a rare example of quantitative rate data for fundamental reaction steps of a heterogenized transition metal catalyst. ... 

Straus [22-24] has modulated the effects of association by varying the number of soap molecules, while holding the total linear charge density the same. This condition has been achieved by quaternizing poly(4-vinylpyridine) to various extents with highly hydrophobic n-dodecyl bromide and completing the process with the less hydrophobic ethyl bromide to form hydrophobic polyelectrolytes (1). 

Kabanov reported a considerable decrease in the reduced viscosity (rjspIC) of quaternized poly-4-vinylpyridines (PVP) in pH 7 aqueous solution, upon addition of BSA [22]. The decrease in viscosity was explained by the formation of polycation-BSA soluble complexes. In a more recent study of human hemoglo-bin-dextran sulfate mixtures, Nguyen [7] found that rjsp/C decreases with the polymer concentration, as shown in Fig. 15.2. In contrast to the behavior of... 

Kabanov and co-workers [22, 24] have obtained electron micrographs of the soluble complex formed by BSA and quaternized poly-4-vinylpyridine. These micrographs show that the complexes are rod-like particles, assembled from proteins linked by the polymer chain. The thickness of the rod complex is ca. 100 A. 

Cotiklin SD, Heineman WR, Seliskar CJ (2007) Spectroelectrochemical sertsing based on multimode selectivity simultaneously achievable in a single device. 19. Preparation and characterization of films of quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine)-silica. Electroanalysis 19 523-529... 

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