Stop-start engine

Automatic transmissions inflict a mileage penalty of about 10% compared to manual gearboxes. Continuously variable transmissions can provide better mileage. A stop-start engine that shuts down if a car is idling or... 

Stop, start, emergency stop and speed controls are grouped adjacent to the engine, and the machine is usually equipped with instrumentation for monitoring its safe operation. Very often, a centralized control room is provided, particularly when there are a number of units in operation. Typical signals monitored and recorded remotely are ... 

Dilution of an oil by fuel under low-temperature or short-distance stop-start operation can occur frequently. Dilution of engine oil by diesel fuel can be estimated from gas chromatography (ASTM D-3524), and gasoline dilution can also be measured by gas chromatography (ASTM D-3525). 

For used automotive engine oils that can be contaminated by a variety of materials, the presence of diesel fuel constituents, resulting from low-temperature or short-distance stop-start operation, can be approximately estimated from measurements of the flash point of the oil (ASTM D-92, IP 36) that is appreciably lowered by small quantities of fuel. The presence of gasoline constituents can be measured by distillation (ASTM D-322, IP 23) or by infrared spectroscopy. 

Corrosion inhibitors The conditions that influence the onset of corrosion are the entrainment of atmospheric oxygen, moisture from the combustion of fuel, and stop-start running coupled with temperature cycling. In the marine diesel engine, the problem is exacerbated by contamination with fortuitous saline. Corrosion inhibitors are added specifically to cope with this electrochemical process. These additives operate by creating a physical barrier, in the form of a dense hydrophobic, monolayer of chemisorbed surfactant molecules, which prevent access of the water and oxygen to the metal surface. 

Ni-MH batteries have application in hybrid electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, such as cameras, shavers, toothbrushes, etc. The Ni-MH battery is also used in hybrid cars to improve stop-start and acceleration performance. It absorbs braking energy to assist the breaking operations and during the acceleration, returns that energy to supplement the gas engine. 

The hybrid technology onboard the S-Class, of the mild hybrid type, has a 15-kW electric motor with stop start function, coupled to a V6 petrol engine the combined power is 220 kW and the maximum combined torque is 385 Nm. The lithium-ion battery pack is not only compact (directly installed in the engine compartment [Figure 10.10]) and light but also with a rather limited energy capacity. 

Automatic transfer switch (ATS) An electric switching device that alternately connects the load to the normal or emergency power source as required without operator involvement. It may also include controls that start and stop the engine-generator set, monitor voltage and frequency of both power sources, and perform other tuning and logic functions. See also nonautomatic transfer switch. 

Proceed to the driver s door, ensure the air system pressure is between 90 - 100 psi (it may be necessary to start and stop the engine to build up air pressure). 

In manual mode, the engine can be started and stopped locally, through a pair of start and stop push buttons Nos 17 and 18. provided on the AMF panel (Figure 16.11). 

Bus voltage relay (Relay code 27) provides an impulse to the generator trip circuit as soon as normal supply is restored. The generator falls out of the circuit automatically after a pause of = 10-30 seconds, and the engine stops. The relay now also has a delayed feature as it had during the start, to allow a pause to the main supply in case the main supply fails quickly again. 

Turbine mainlenance. This should be based on equivalent engine time, whieh is the funetion of temperature, type of fuel used, and number of starts. Figure 19-21 shows the eorreetion that ean be applied to running hours for intermittent-duty units with high-start/stop operation. 

The power is in one direction through the relay but the 110 volts is incorporated into the voltage from the disc cap when they go to the plugs. The relays make no noise when the car is running. You can hardly hear the fan on the inverter. They do click a few times when starting the engine from cold, but they stop once it starts up. 

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