Stone, Oliver

For stone fmit, e.g., olive cherries, where the mature fruit is analyzed, the stone should be removed, and the weight of pulp and stone should be recorded. The residue is calculated on the basis of whole fruit. This step can be done either in the field prior to the fruit being frozen, which makes the procedure easier, or in the analytical laboratory. In either case, care needs to be taken to avoid cross-contamination. 

It is said that the soldiers of Darius the Great (521-486 bc) emperor of Persia baked a kind of flat bread on their shields and then covered it with cheese and dates when on campaign. Cato the Elder, i.e. Marcus Porcius Cato (234-149 bc), wrote of a flat round of dough dressed with olive oil, herbs and honey baked on stones . Shops were found in the ruins of Pompeii apparently equipped for the manufacture and sale of flat breads, possibly pizzas. 

Like the medical treatment of uterine leiomyomas, danazol, gestrinone, mifepristone, and GnRH-a, with or without add-back therapy, have been proposed for the treatment of endometriosis as well (Olive et al. 2001 Stones et al. 2004), but unlike leiomyomas, oral contraceptive pills, in cyclic or continuous administration, and medroxyprogesterone acetate also seem to be effective (Olive et al. 2001 Stones et al. 2004). A significant benefit in terms of pelvic pain relief also is obtained with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Olive et al. 2001 Stones et al. 2004). 

Furthermore, about 20% of women with chronic pelvic pain due to endometriosis are not responsive to medical treatment, and in these cases surgery represents the final diagnostic and therapeutic option (Olive et al. 2001 Stones et al. 2004). Several procedures have been described to treat medically unbeatable pelvic pain (Carter 1998). Nonconservative procedures, such as hysterectomy (Rannestad et al. 2001 Lefebvre et al. 2002), are effective in terms of pain relief, but they can be associated to the decrease in the quality of life (MacDonald et al. 1999), and considered unacceptable to women who wish to preserve intact their reproductive apparatus. 

Though somewhat confused as to details, this recipe again depends evidently upon copper acetate for the green color, but uses olive oil as the medium for penetrating the pores or laminations of the stone. 

A pit of a stone fruit consists of a hard shell which contains very little free water, and an inside seed with high water and oil content The pit and the seed in peach, olive and prune are visible in an NMR image [14]. This means that the unpitted olive which has the image of a dark ring of pit shell and a bright image of the seed inside the shell can be discriminated from the pitted olive which has the image of a dark spot at the center of the fruit where the cavity is. 

Budinova, T Petrov, N., Razvigorova, M. et al. (2006) Removal of As(III) from aqueous solution by activated carbons prepared from solvent extracted olive pulp and olive stones. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45(6), 1896-901. 

Generally, the starting materials used in the commercial production of activated carbons are those with high carbon content, such as wood, lignite, peat, and coal of different ranks [175,176], But, over the last years, growing interest has now shifted to the use of other low-cost, and abundantly accessible, agricultural byproducts, such as coconut shells, rockrose, eucalyptus kraft, lignin, apricot stone, cherry stone, and olive stone to be converted into activated carbons [176],... 

Femandez-Bolanos, J., Felizon, B., Heredia, A., Guillen, R., and Jimenez, A., Characterization of the lignin obtained by alkaline delignification and of the cellulose residue from steam-exploded olive stones. Bioresource Technol 1999, 68 (2), 121-132. 

Montane, D., Salvado, J., Torras, C., and Farriol, X., High-temperature dilute-acid hydrolysis of olive stones for furfural production. Biomass Bioenergy 2002, 22 (4), 295-304. 

The extent of the activation reaction is characterized by the burn-off as determined by the change in mass of the char, expressed as the percentage weight loss of the carbonized material as a result of HTT under controlled conditions. With some chars, the bum-off increases linearly with the time of HTT at a constant temperature. This form of linear dependence has been reported by Rodriguez-Reinoso (1986) for the activation of carbonized olive stones and almond shells in C02 at temperatures around 850°C. The extensive linear relationship was a clear indication that the reaction rate was almost constant over a very wide range of bum-off (i.e. 8-80%). 

Like the stone of an olive, striated, and still called Olive Stones in Palestine. 

MATURATIO — is the Elevation from a Coarse and Rough Condition to Maturity and Perfection. There are four kinds of Maturation, each of which is accomplished by a moderate heat of the first grade, or near it, it mud, in a bath, in scum of olive oil, in fine cut straw, in a dry stone, with damp hay, with grape stones, by sunshine, the moon, etc. The four kinds are called—Digestion, Circulation, Fermentation, and Projection. 

Stone, H. and Oliver, S. 1966. Effect of viscosity on the detection of relative sweetness intensity of sucrose solutions./. FoodSci. 31 129-134. 

Olives appeared in Israel about 45,000 years ago (1). Charred pieces of olive wood have been found in excavations at Lower Boker-Har Hanegev in layers dating to 42,980 B.c. Both charred wood and carbonized stones have been found in many archeological sites in Israel dating from 8000 b.c. onward, and indirect evidence suggests the use of wild olives O. oleaster) by humans as early as the seventh millennium b.c. (3). It is not known whether the carbonized stones and charred wood obtained from Chalcolithic (fourth millennium b.c.) and Early Bronze Age (2900-2700 B.c.) sites represented cultivated or wild olives. 

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