Steelwork design

The use of probabilistie eoneepts in struetural steelwork design eould potentially reduee material eosts by delivering optimized designs with standard seetion sizes, sueh seetions being typieally used in large volumes and repetitive applieations. Here we will demonstrate this point by seleeting the optimum seetion size for a given situation where a standard struetural member must be utilized. 

While choice of guide is ultimately down to the shcdt steelwork designer and the financial evaluation at the time of design, in terms of lifecycle productivity cost benefits which must also be considered, analysis shows that a tophat system is the overcJl more cost effective system. 

Krige, G.J., and Groeser, C. 2010. Extending Traditioncd Limits in Shcdt Steelwork Design. 

Sometimes the workshop detailing is carried out by the project steelwork design team or a separate sub-contractor, either because such a work breakdown is preferred or because the steelwork fabricator does... 

Detailed steelwork design, and its effect on access and relationship to connected items, can be some of the most challenging aspects of plant design, in particular for solids handling plants, which sometimes need complex and non-perpendicular coimections between conveyors, chutes, and supports. Information flow is often problematic steelwork connects to, and supports, most other discipline items. Especially on a fast-track project there may be a need for many site modifications, and still there may remain some unsatisfactory compromises. 

In the making of assumptions of design information, usually related to information from a third party, the progress of design work is based on the best (or sometimes most conservative) estimate of the information. For example, structural steelwork design may be based on the anticipated mass and dimensions of a supported equipment item for which final vendor s information is not yet available. Evidently the accuracy of the assumptions, the designed-in flexibility to acconnnodate incorrect assumptions, and the ability to influence the equipment item vendor to comply with the assumptions (or the freedom to choose a compliant vendor) will affect the efficiency of this process. 

Storage tanks should, wherever possible, be installed above ground. The site selected should not be in an unduly exposed position. Clearance must be allowed for the withdrawal from the tank of fittings such as immersion heaters and steam coils. Where tanks are installed inside buildings, they should generally be located within a tank chamber, although in some industrial installations such as steelworks and foundries, a tank chamber may not be necessary. The requirements of insurance companies and local authorities should be considered when designing these installations. 

Gas boosters may be fitted with motor enclosures or designed to operate at lower rotating speeds. Alternatively, they may be housed in an acoustic enclosure within the boiler house. The booster and drive unit can be supplied with anti-vibration mountings to isolate it from the floor or steelwork and flexible bellows fitted to the gas inlet and outlet connections. 

Gooch, T. G. and Gregory, E. N., Br. Corros. J., Suppl. issue, Design of Protective Systems for Structural Steelwork, 48 (1968)... 

The brackets, and supporting steel work, can be designed using the usual methods for structural steelwork. Suitable methods are given by Bednar (1986) and Moss (2003). 

Fixed water spray systems designed on an area coverage basis may also be used to wet/cool structural steel supports. In this case, the placement of discharge nozzles should be close, usually within 4 ft (1.2 m) of the steelwork being protected. Alternatively additional nozzles or a separate system may be provided. 

Correct structural design of vessels, piping, steelwork ... 

Lambert, F. W., The Theory and Practical Design of Bunkers, British Constructional Steelwork Assoc., Ltd., London, pp. 32-33. 

Dorman, A. P., Flint, A. R., Clark, P. J., Structural Steelwork for Multistorey Building — Design for Maximum Worth , Proc, Conf Steel in XrcAirecfttfe, B.C.S.A., November 1969. 

---