Rankine

John A. Board, Jr., Christopher W. Humphres Christophe G. Lambert, William T. Rankin, and Abdulnour Y. Toukmaji ... 

W. T. Rankin and J. A. Board, Jr., A Portable Distributed Implementation of the Parallel Multipole Tree Algorithm, Proceedings, Fourth IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, IEEE Computer Society Press (1995), pp. 17-22. 

Rankin, W., Board, J. A portable distributed implementation of the parallel multipole tree algorithm. IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing. Duke University Technical Report 95-002. 

Isomeric dichlorotetra uoroben2enes have been studied for Rankine-cycle external combustion engines (225). 

In apphcation to electric utihty power generation, MHD is combined with steam (qv) power generation, as shown in Figure 2. The MHD generator is used as a topping unit to the steam bottoming plant. From a thermodynamic point of view, the system is a combined cycle. The MHD generator operates in a Brayton cycle, similar to a gas turbine the steam plant operates in a conventional Rankine cycle (11). 

The efficiency of the Rankine cycle itself can be increased by higher motive steam pressures and superheat temperatures, and lower surface condenser pressures in addition to rotating equipment selection. These parameters are generally optimized on the basis of materials of constmction as well as equipment sizes. Typical high pressure steam system conditions are in excess of 10,350 kPa (1500 psi) and 510 °C. 

Because of the simplicity and reUabiUty of the Rankine cycle, faciUties employing this method have dominated the power industry in the twentieth century and typically play an important role in most modem combined-cycle faciUties. Water is the working fluid of choice in nearly all Rankine cycle power plants because water is nontoxic, abundant, and low cost. 

Power plants based on the Rankine thermodynamic cycle have served the majority of the world s electric power generation needs in the twentieth century. The most common heat sources employed by Rankine cycle power plants are either fossil fuel-fired or nuclear steam generators. The former are the most widely used. 

Fossil Fuel-Fired Plants. In modem, fossil fuel-fired power plants, the Rankine cycle typically operates as a closed loop. In describing the steam—water cycle of a modem Rankine cycle plant, it is easiest to start with the condensate system (see Fig. 1). Condensate is the water that remains after the steam employed by the plant s steam turbines exhausts into the plant s condenser, where it is collected for reuse in the cycle. Many modem power plants employ a series of heat exchangers to boost efficiency. As a first step, the condensate is heated in a series of heat exchangers, usually sheU-and-tube heat exchangers, by steam extracted from strategic locations on the plant s steam turbines (see HeaT-EXCHANGETECHNOLOGy). 

Eig. 15. Repowering schematic where the modules to the left of the dashed line have been added to the existing Rankine cycle plant shown on the right of... 

J. E. Kemme, J. E. DeveraH, E. S. Keddy, J. R. Phillips, and W. A. Rankin, Temperature Control with High Temperature Gravity A Fst Heat Pipes Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 1975, available from National Technical Information Service, Accession No. CONE-750812-10. 

Rankine Cycle Thermodynamics. Carnot cycles provide the highest theoretical efficiency possible, but these are entirely gas phase. A drawback to a Carnot cycle is the need for gas compression. Producing efficient, large-volume compressors has been such a problem that combustion turbines and jet engines were not practical until the late 1940s. 

Fig. 27. Rankine cycle in terms of (a) pressure and volume (b) temperature and entropy and (c) MoUier (enthalpy vs entropy) chart, where adiabatic...

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