Steam-jacketed kettles

Steam Jacketed kettle Paraffin wax None Copper 27.4 Product ... 

Steam Jacketed kettle Boiling water None Steel 187 Product ... 

When an ophthalmic ointment is manufactured, all raw material components must be rendered sterile before compounding unless the ointment contains an aqueous fraction that can be sterilized by heat, filtration, or ionizing radiation. The ointment base is sterilized by heat and appropriately filtered while molten to remove extraneous foreign particulate matter. It is then placed into a sterile steam-jacketed kettle to maintain the ointment in a molten state under aseptic conditions, and the previously sterilized active ingredients) and excipients are added aseptically. While still molten, the entire ointment may be passed through a previously sterilized colloid mill for adequate dispersion of the insoluble components. 

HBX expl compns are prepd by melting TNT in a steam jacketed kettle equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Water-wet RDX is added slowly with stirring and heating until all the water is evapd. Powdered A1 is added and the mixture is continued to be stirred until uniform. D-2 wax and Ca chloride are then added and the mixture is cooled from temp 95—100° to a temp considered suitable for casting (the lowest practicable pour temp)... 

Ditto in 1/8 Al—50% expls and 50% unaffected Sand Test-See Brisance by Sand Test Sensitivity to Impact—See Impact Sensitivity Sensitivity to Initiation—See Initiation, Sensitivity to Stability Test—See Vacuum Stability Test Vacuum Stability Test at 120°—0.37cc of gas evolved in 40 hrs from 1 g sample Velocity of Detonation—See Detonation Rate Viscosity, Efflux-24.8 Saybolt Seconds Method of manuf of HTA—3 is similar to that used for Torpex, namely purified TNT is melted by heating it to ca 100° in a steam-jacketed kettle, equipped with a stirrer. Water wet HMX is added slowly to molten TNT, while continuing to stir it and to heat, until all the water is evapd. Aluminum powder is added and the mixture continued to be stirred until uniform and then cooled, with stirring, to obtain a slurry suitable for pouring into shells or bombs to serve as their bursting charges Refs 1) G. Silvestro H. Will III, PA Instrumentation Rept 1232—58 (1958) (Suitability of HTA-3 as HE) 2) Anon, AMCP 706-177 (1967), pp 178-81 362 (Torpex) (1971), pp 178-81... 

The prepared maple sawdust is made by cooking with miner s wax, 10 pounds of sawdust to 1 ounce of wax, in a steam-jacketed kettle. The mixture is tamped dry into a paper tube, 7/ inch in external diameter, 1/32 inch wall, and burns at the rate of about 1 inch per minute. The fusee is supplied at its base with a pointed piece of wood or iron for setting it up in the ground, and it burns best when set at an angle of about 45°. In order to insure certain ignition, the top of the charge is covered with a primer or starting fire, loaded while moistened with... 

The filtrate, containing solvent and dissolved fish oil, is sent to a steam-jacketed kettle where the oil is recovered by distilling off the solvent. The oils are finally passed through a steam stripper where the final traces of solvent are removed and the oil is deodorized. The fish-oil product is obtained from the bottom of the steam stripper. 

Charge items 3-5 in a steam-jacketed kettle. Heat to 75°C and then begin stirring to ensure complete melting maintain temperature, keep stirring. 

Liquid styrene at 60 C is being heated in a 2-m-diameter steam-jacketed kettle equipped with a standard six-blade turbine, (a) Calculate the film coefficient for the inside wall hj if the stirrer speed is 140 r/min. (h) If a pitched-blade turbine were used with the same power input, how would the coefficient compare with that for the standard turbine ... 

Figure 4.8-2. Steam-jacketed kettle and boiling water for Example 4.8-1.

LATEX. Principally isoprene polymers. In laboratory tests, latex with pH 10 caused mild attack of 3003 alloy at ambient temperature. Aluminum alloy tanks and steam-jacketed kettles have been used in storing and processing latex. Aluminum alloy cups have been used for collecting latex from rubber trees. See also Ref (3) pp. 103, 125, 227. 

STEAM. H2O. In laboratory tests under static conditions, alloy 3003 was found to be resistant to pure steam over distilled water at temperatures up to 268 C (514°F). In fact, aluminum alloys exposed to steam at these temperatures had improved resistance to corrosion by other environments because of the increased thickness of the oxide film on the surface. In the same tests, steam at 268°C (514°F) was corrosive. High pressure steam can erode aluminum alloys by impingement corrosion erosion, particularly when the jet of steam is perpendicular to the surface. Aluminum alloy equipment including heat exchangers. dryers, steam jacketed kettles, piping have been used to handle steam in the petroleum, chemical and food processing industries. See also Ref (1) p. 144, (2) p. 778, (4) p. 49, (7) p. 175. 

After approximately 1961 Koppel and Coughanowr established an ambitious research program of national reputation in the area of process control. Support by NSF and various companies continued for over a decade. The addition of Lim and Weigand in the late 1960 s further contributed to the recognition of this program. The first Purdue ChE thesis in the area of control was published in 1962 by Wayne E. Luetzelschwab. He was a student of Coughanowr and his M.S. thesis was entitled An Analog Computer Simulation of a Steam-jacketed Kettle and Control System. One year later, the first purely theoretical thesis was accepted by the faculty. Supervised by Paul T. Shannon, this was the... 

Maize is usually batch cooked in fresh masa operations and continuously cooked in dry masa operations. In fresh masa operations, three basic types of cookers are commercially used open vats, Hamilton steam-jacketed kettles, and vertical closed cookers (Sema-Saldivar et al. 1990). The open vat is the oldest and most intensive in terms of energy expenditure, labor, and control. The Hamilton steam cooker is widely used, and the maize is indirectly cooked with steam and the heat transfer enhanced by mechanical agitation. The vertical cooker employs direct steam... 

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