Statins case-control study

Rejnmark L, Olsen ML, Johnsen SP et al. (2004) Hip fracture risk in statin users. A population based Danish case control study. Osteoporos Int 15(6) 452-454... 

Gaist D, Jeppesen U, Andersen M, Garcia Rodriguez LA, Hallas J, Sindrup SH. Statins and risk of polyneuropathy a case-control study. Neurology 2002 58 P1333-7. 

In a case-control study of 166 cases of idiopathic polyneuropathy, of which 35 had a definite diagnosis, the odds ratio for neuropathy was 14 for statin users compared with non-users (11). 

Statin, P., Adlercreutz, H., Tenkanen, L., Jellum, E., Lumme, S., Hallmans, G., Harvei, S., Teppo, L., Stumpf, K., Luostarinew, T., Lehtinen, M., Dillner, M., et al. 2002. Circulating enterolactone and prostate cancer risk A Nordic nested case-control study. Int. J. Cancer 99, 124-129. 

Incident dementia (245 AD) out of 2798 Negative Case-control study noted protective effects of statins in dementia. In prospective cohort analysis, statin use was not associated with lower risk or dementia or AD. [47]... 

In the search for agents to increase bone formation through bone morphogenetic proteins, 3-hydroxymethyl-4-glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) were discovered to increase bone density in animal models. Interest in the potential skeletal benefits of statins was heightened by the discovery that bisphosphonates may also affect cholesterol biosynthesis, but at a different step than statins. Although observational studies have linked statin use with decreased fracture risk, a large case-control study did not demonstrate reduction in fracture risk for statin-treated patients. A meta-analysis casts doubt on a protective effect of statins (odds ratio for hip fracture, 0.87 95% Cl 0.48 to 1.58). 02... 

Drug-drug interactions The influence of statins on outcomes of IV thrombolysis in ischaemic stroke is controversial. A case-control study and meta-analysis determined that statin pretreatment may increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in patients receiving IV rt-PA however, it did not influence the 3-month outcome... 

Cheng JN, Lee A, Jannes J, Heddle RJ, Koblar SA. A patient with anaphylaxis after alteplase infusion. J Clin Neurosci 2012 19(2) 314-5. Martinez-Ramirez S, Delgado-Mederos R, Marin R, Suarez-Calvet M, Sainz MP, Alejaldre A, et al. Statin pretreatment may increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage in thrombolysis for ischemic stroke results from a case-control study and a meta-analysis. J Neurol 2012 259(l) lll-8. 

Smeeth L, Hubbard R, Hetcher AE. Cataract and the use of statins a case-control study. QJM 2003 96 337-43. 

Gaist D, Andersen L, Kallas J, Sorensen KT, Schroder KD, Friis S. Use of statins and risk of glioma a nationwide case-control study in Denmark. Br J Cancer 2013 108 715-20. 

Cheng MH, Chiu HF, Ho SC, Tsai SS, Wu TN, Yang CY. Statin use and the risk of colorectal cancer a population-based case-control study. World J. Gastroenterol. 2011 17(47) 5197-5202. 

Marcella SW, David A, Ohman-Strickland PA, Carson J, Rhoads GG. Statin use and fatal prostate cancer a matched case-control study. Cancer. 2012 118(16) 4046 1052. 

A case-control analysis of 7405 cases and 28 327 controls suggested that concomitant use of simvastatin and erythromycin is associated with an increased risk of cataract (53). Studies in dogs have shown that some statins are associated with cataract when given in excessive doses (54). 

Since the publication of these two early studies, a number of studies have adopted a more prospective cohort approach to the examination of statin use in patients who develop dementia and AD over the course of a set period (usually between 5-10yrs). While many of the subsequent studies described seemingly protective effects in cross-sectional case-control analysis [36,45-51], the majority of prospective cohort analysis failed to identify a reduced risk of dementia in incident cases of dementia or AD [36, 46,47,51[. One notable exception comes from a study that examined a population identified by common AD risk facfors and co-morbidities (e.g., first degree relatives) [52]. In a high AD risk population, statin use was associated with a lowered risk of AD [52]. A summary of the epidemiological findings for stafin use in AD are shown in Table 1. 

Incident dementia (168 Probable AD) 1,496 Controls Negative Cross-section case control analysis noted statin use associated with lower incidence of AD. Prospective cohort study reported no association of statins with AD. [46]... 

Pancreas Case reports and pharmacoepidemiological studies have provided evidence that statins may cause pancreatitis. However, data from the SHARP study, a placebo-controlled study of the effects of a combination of simvastatin and ezetimibe on cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease, showed a reduction in the number of cases of pancreatitis [75] [40 -]. Recent prospective cohort study with 1062 subjects of whom 92 were taking statins found severe pancreatitis was more common in the statin nonuser than statin user. Pancreatitis-related mortality was higher in the statin nonuser, and among patients who developed severe acute pancreatitis, statin users showed lower Ranson s and APACHE II scores and lower maximal CRP, suggesting that prior statin treatment reduced morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis [76]. 

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