Static electrification

Static electrification may not be a property of the basic stmcture, but of a new surface formed by a monomolecular layer of water (82). All textile fibers at a relative humidity, at which a continuous monomolecular layer is formed, actually do have the same charge density. This is attributed to the absence of ionic transport which caimot occur in a monomolecular layer. At higher moisture levels than required to form a monomolecular layer, ionic conductivity can occur because of excess water molecules and by hydration of the ions. At very low moisture-regain levels, all materials acquire the same charge (83). 

Napier, D. H. and Russell, D. A. (1974) Proc. First Int. Sym. on Loss Prevention (Elsevier). Hazard assessment and critical parameters relating to static electrification in the process industries. 

Bauser, H. Static electrification of organic solids, Dechema Monograph (Frankfurt Verlag Chemie) 72 11-29 (1974)... 

Corn (C7) has given a recent review of adhesive forces between particles in which he concludes that inadequate data on static electrification are available to arrive at any definite conclusion as to the relative role of electrostatics in particle adhesion. A detailed evaluation of the analysis presented by Russell (R9), however, sheds considerable light on the subject. 

It should be noted that the above phenomena all involve relative motion or charge segregation but no static electrification or true charge separation. The latter can only occur when the liquid is separated from the solid or is broken up. The above phenomena consequently can only create conditions that will permit charge separation. Any net charging process itself will, therefore, be very similar to that involved in liquid breakup except that the initial charge segregation will be influenced by double layers at the solid surface as well as by those at a liquid-gas interface. 

Kll. Kunkel, W. B., The static electrification of dust particles on dispersion into a cloud, J. Appl. Phys. 21, 820 (1950). 

M7. Montgomery, D. J., Static electrification of solids, Solid State Rhys. 9, 139 (1959). 

Static Electrification of Dust Particles. Kunkel (l Y) has made an extensive study of the charge and size distribution of particles ranging from 0.5- to 30-micron radius in dust clouds in air and has investigated both calm and turbulent conditions. 

Heidelberg, E., Generation of Igniting Brush Discharges by Charged Layers on Earthed Conductors, 1967 Static Electrification Conference, Institute of Physics, London. 

Lange, R.F., Shoreside Static Electrification Studies during Tank Washing in a 25 Foot Diameter Tank, Mobil Research and Development Corp., Paulsboro, NJ, Report No. 70.33-AD, November 13, 1970. 

Two groups of electrical properties of polymers are of interest. The first group of properties is usually assessed from the behaviour of the polymer at low electric field strengths. To this group belong the dielectric constant, the dissipation factor, the static electrification, and the electrical conductivity. 

Loeb LB, "Static Electrification", Springer, Berlin/New York, 1958. 

Stability of fluid threads in melt spinning, 810 Standard molar volumes at room temperature, 76 Stanton number, 59 Static charging, 882 Static electrification, 333 Staudinger index, 250 Steady state, 697 Stefan number, 56... 

Static Charge Development. Static electrification of solids can occur in various ways. Different operations will produce the percentages of the theoretical maximum charge density shown in Fig. 3.7.33... 

A second particle-charging mechanism is static electrification. This mechanism arises from one or a combination of several other mechanisms, making theoretical interpretation in terms of a single mechanism very difficult, if not impossible (and most experimenters have attempted to interpret their results in terms of a single mechanism). Five basic mechanisms can result in static electrification. These are examined for their importance in aerosol physics. 

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