State-switching

Chesnavich W J, Bass L, Su T and Bowers M T 1981 Multiple transition states in unimolecular reactions a transition state switching model. Application to C Hg" J. Chem. Rhys. 74 2228—46... 

Power Supplies and Controls. Induction heating furnace loads rarely can be connected directiy to the user s electric power distribution system. If the load is to operate at the supply frequency, a transformer is used to provide the proper load voltage as weU as isolation from the supply system. Adjustment of the load voltage can be achieved by means of a tapped transformer or by use of a solid-state switch. The low power factor of an induction load can be corrected by installing a capacitor bank in the primary or secondary circuit. 

United States switch to 20-year term from file date may begin publishing unexamined appHcations... 

The earhest commercial route to -butyraldehyde was a multistep process starting with ethanol, which was consecutively dehydrogenated to acetaldehyde, condensed to crotonaldehyde, and reduced to butyraldehyde. In the late 1960s, production of -butyraldehyde (and isobutyraldehyde) in Europe and the United States switched over largely to the Oxo reaction of propylene. 

Ismail N, Blancafort L, Olivucci M, Kohler B, Robb MA (2002) Ultrafast decay of electronically excited singlet cytosine via jt, jt to n, n state switch. J Am Chem Soc 124 6818... 

Spin-State Switches for Some Metal Complexes... 

Bowker et al.301 published spectroscopic and kinetic studies of formic acid adsorption on Cu(110). They observed that, at —73 °C, the sticking coefficient is high (0.9) but becomes low at 27 °C (0.1). The adsorption state switches from monodentate (—73 °C) to bidentate at 27 °C. 

Keywords Charge transfer solid Electronic dimensionality Functional organic solid Ionicity diagram Organic metal Organic superconductor Phase transition Quantum spin liquid state Switching... 

R. A. Marcus My interests in variational microcanonical transition state theory with J conservation goes back to a J. Chem. Phys. 1965 paper [1], and perhaps I could make a few comments. First, using a variational treatment we showed with Steve Klippenstein a few years ago that the transition-state switching mentioned by Prof. Lorquet poses no major problem The calculations sometimes reveal two, instead of one, bottlenecks (transition states, position of minimum entropy along the reaction coordinate) [2], and then one can use a method described by Miller and partly anticipated by Wigner and Hirschfelder to calculate the net dux. 

Transition-state switching may also occur in SACM, either for single-channel potential curves or for groups of channels such as in microcanonical variational versions with adiabatic channel states. 

Fig. 3. Details of the seven-stranded /1-sheet and associated structures (A and B) in the post-rigor conformation and (C and D) in the pre-powerstroke conformation. The orientation of A and C is at right angles to that shown in Fig. 2. When attached to actin, it corresponds to that shown in Fig. 5B. The colors are as in Fig. 2. The views shown in B and D are at right angles to A and C looking out radially from the axis of the actin helix. Note the kink in the relay helix shown in C and D that leads to a 60° rotation of the converter domain. This in turn rotates the lever arm 60°. The P-loop (which constitutes the ATP-binding site) and the adjoining a-helix are shown in yellow. The flanking switch sequences (1 and 2) are also shown. The strands of the /1-sheet are numbered from the N-terminal (distal) end of the sheet. The lower part of strand 5 (light blue) constitutes switch 2. In the post-rigor state, switch 2 lies out of the plane of the /1-sheet (open) and in the pre-powerstroke state switch 2 is in the plane of the /1-sheet (closed).

Both photoinduced LS —> HS and HS > LS transitions involve transition through a 3Ti state, from which the system can relax into the LS and HS ground states via intersystem crossing processes. This reversible state switching has been summarized as light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) effect,29 and especially for Fe-based compounds it can be conveniently traced by Mossbauer spectroscopy. 

A major use of high-quality pot-core inductors is in combination with capacitors in filter circuits. They were once extensively used in telephone systems but solid state switched systems have replaced them. The soft MnZn and NiZn ferrite systems are dominant for pot-core manufacture, although metal dust cores are used for certain applications. The important design principles can be understood by reference to a simple series LCR circuit to which a sinusoidal voltage U of angular frequency co is applied (Fig. 9.46). The circuit impedance Z = R+](coL - 1/coC) is a minimum when ojZ, = /<<>C. Thus the resonant frequency o0 is given by... 

To understand these highly interesting photophysical properties of nucleobases, we have carried out CIS and coupled cluster (CC) calculations of the potential energy profiles of cytosine and its derivatives at optimized CIS geometries [10]. The results indicate that the Sj S0 internal conversion occurs through a barrierless state switch from the initially excited 1 tttt state to a biradical state, which intersects... 

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