Sinusoidal voltage

The apphcation of an impressed alternating current on a metal specimen can generate information on the state of the surface of the specimen. The corrosion behavior of the surface of an electrode is related to the way in which that surface responds to this electrochemical circmt. The AC impedance technique involves the application of a small sinusoidal voltage across this circuit. The frequency of that alternating signal is varied. The voltage and current response of the system are measured. 

A supply system would normally contain certain harmonic quantities, as di.scussed in Section 23.5.2. The influence of such quantities on an induction motor is also discussed in Chapter 23. To maintain a near-sinusoidal voltage waveform, it is essential that the harmonic voltage factor (HVF) of the supply voltage be contained within 0.02 for all 1-0 and 3-0 motors, other than design /V motors and within 0.03 for design N motors, where... 

Quasi-resonant converters are a separate class of switching power supplies that tune the ac power waveforms to reduce or eliminate the switching loss within the supply. This is done by placing resonant tank circuits within the ac current paths to create pseudo-sinusoidal voltage or current waveforms. Because the tank circuits have one resonant frequency, the method of control needs to be modified to a variable frequency control where the resonant period is fixed and the control varies the period of the non-resonant period. The quasi-resonant converters usually operate in the 300 kHz to 2 MHz frequency range. 

I will be using a seeond order, eommon-mode filter. The diffieulty in eonsider-ing an input eondueted EMI for this power faetor eorreetion eireuit is its variable frequency of operation. The lowest instantaneous frequency of operation occurs at the crests of the sinusoid voltage waveform. This is where the core requires the longest time to completely discharge the core. The estimated frequency of operation has been 50 kHz, so I will use this as an assumed minimum frequency. 

An alternative method of studying the molecular motions of a polymeric chain is to measure the complex permitivity of the sample, mounted as dielectric of a capacitor and subjected to a sinusoidal voltage, which produces polarization of the sample macromolecules. The storage and loss factor of the complex permitivity are related to the dipolar orientations and the corresponding motional processes. The application of the dielectric thermal analysis (DETA) is obviously limited to macromolecules possessing heteroatomic dipoles but, on the other hand, it allows a range of frequency measurement much wider than DMTA and its theoretical foundations are better established. 

Method involves placing a specimen between parallel plate capacitors and applying a sinusoidal voltage (frequencies ranging from 1 mHz to 1 MHz) to one of the plates to establish an electric field in the specimen. In response to this field, a specimen becomes electrically polarized and can conduct a small charge from one plate to the other. Through measurement of the resultant current, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss constant for a specimen can be measured. The sharp increases in both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss constant during a temperature scan are correlated with the occurrence of Tg... 

VSIN, ISIN - Sinusoidal voltage or current source. Typical voltage waveform v(t) = 5 sin(2000t + 30°)... 

The Transient Analysis uses the sinusoidal voltage waveform when it performs the simulation. This circuit would not work if an AC Sweep were used. To set up a Transient Analysis, select PSpice and then New Simulation Profile from the Capture menus ... 

This op-amp circuit is a Schmitt Trigger with trigger points at approximately 7.5 V. A sinusoidal voltage source will be used to swing the input from +14 V to -14 V and from -14 V to +14 V a few times. The frequency of the source is 1 Hz. This low frequency is chosen to eliminate the effects of the op-amp slew rate on the Schmitt Trigger performance. If you... 

SDLUTIDI1 Use the sinusoidal voltage source. The input and output waveforms are shown on the left screen capture, and the hysteresis curve is shown on the right screen capture. 

Multiplier Sum Summing junction Ground Sinusoidal voltage source Node label... 

Although not dealt with in this chapter, AC impedance measurements (sometimes called electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) are important in studying electrode dynamics. Generally in this method, a sinusoidal voltage (10 2 to 105 Hz) is applied to the cell, the phase angle and the amplitude of the response current are measured as a function of... 

A piezoelectric crystal is one whose dimensions change in an applied electric field. A sinusoidal voltage applied between two faces of the crystal causes it to oscillate. Quartz is the most common piezoelectric material. 

Fig. 10. Power factor at 1 MHz vs temperature for some commercial glasses. Courtesy of Coming Inc. The power factor is the ratio of the power in watts dissipated in a material to the product of the effective sinusoidal voltage and current in volt-amperes. When the dissipation factor is less than 0.1, the power...

At relatively low applied frequencies, a conductance cell may be represented as the double-layer capacitance Cs in series with the solution resistance R, as shown in Figure 8.8a. When a sinusoidal voltage es is applied to the series RC circuit, the instantaneous current i is the same in every part of the circuit and is given by... 

A sinusoidal voltage or current function that is dependent on time t may be represented by the following expressions ... 

Rs describes the loss of the resonance circuit. The resonance circuit is driven by a sinusoidal voltage Uq cos ujet. The following differential equation describes the behavior of the circuit ... 

An active mixer based on an oscillating EOF induced by sinusoidal voltage ( 100 Hz, 100 V/mm) was devised and modeled for mixing of fluorescein with electrolyte solutions. This is termed as electrokinetic-instability micromixing, which is essentially a flow fluctuation phenomenon created by rapidly reversing the flow. Various microchips materials (PDMS, PMMA, and glass) and various electrolytes (borate, HEPES buffers) have been used to evaluate this method of micromixing [480]. 

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