Loading voltage

Power Supplies and Controls. Induction heating furnace loads rarely can be connected directiy to the user s electric power distribution system. If the load is to operate at the supply frequency, a transformer is used to provide the proper load voltage as weU as isolation from the supply system. Adjustment of the load voltage can be achieved by means of a tapped transformer or by use of a solid-state switch. The low power factor of an induction load can be corrected by installing a capacitor bank in the primary or secondary circuit. 

Voltage at no load - Voltage at full load Voltase at no load... 

Curve 2 with partial compensation, the voltage profile improves and the line is able to transfer more load than above, but less than its natural loading. Voltage still sags but the swing is more tolerable. 

Electrical management, or power conditioning, of fuel cell output is often essential because the fuel cell voltage is always dc and may not be at a suitable level. For stationai y applications, an inverter is needed for conversion to ac, while in cases where dc voltage is acceptable, a dc-dc converter maybe needed to adjust to the load voltage. In electric vehicles, for example, a combination of dc-dc conversion followed by inversion may be necessary to interface the fuel cell stack to a, 100 V ac motor. 

Essential Topics in Electronics Resistors (Ohm s law) and capacitors Voltage dividers Loaded voltage dividers Passive differentiators... 

Fig 3.79 Rlation between loading voltage and rate of temperature increase in the electric heater of pressure vessel... 

The ignition source shall be a single-phase 50 cps circuit with 500 V rms no-load voltage and 5 kA short-circuit current. The arc is initiated by a thin copper wire across copper electrodes. The arc duration shall exceed 80 ms. 

Left side unstabilized power source with resistance R = UNL/ISC, no-load voltage l/NL, short-circuit current /sc. 

Whereas the need for separation of i-circuits from non-i-circuits is evident, separation between or interconnections of different i-circuits shall be explained in more detail (Fig. 6.194). In a simple model, two intrinsically safe DC power supplies with no-load voltages lijo and U20 and constant... 

The parameters relevant to intrinsic safety, no-load voltage and short-circuit current of the stand-alone circuits are Uw and Iscl = Uv, /Ri or U2Q and Isc2 = U2o/R2, respectively. In series connection, itv may exceed the voltage limitation of, e.g., a capacitive circuit. The short-circuit current Isc can be divided into ... 

When connected in parallel, the two power supplies are assumed - as a first step - to show identical no-load voltages LI 10 = Li20 = Llo- With internal resistances R and R2, the individual short-circuit currents are ... 

In this case, with lsc > lscl and lsc > lsc2 at a constant no-load voltage Uq, the limitations of intrinsic safety may be exceeded. 

Equivalent (motional) resistance of bare quartz crystal (acoustic load) Voltage ratio... 

Figure 5.5 Typical load voltage and current. Channel 1 is current (100 A/div). Channel 2 is voltage (10 kV/div). PFN is charged to 2.5 kV.

A battery consists of a number of cells connected in series. The series connection is necessary to create sufficient load voltage. Each cell has a low voltage which is peculiar to the type of cell and independent of the current and rating of the cell. The cell voltages are shown in Table 17.1. 

Loaded voltage = voltage at the motor terminals at starting or running of the motor. 

If we insert Equation 33 for each I in Equation 35, collects terms, and then notes that the same load voltage Vl—whatever that turns out to be—is necessarily impressed on each of the parallel branches, we can produce the following sequence... 

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