State of science

J. S. Chang and co-workers. The Regional Acid Deposition Model and Engineering Model, State-of-Science—Technology Report 4, National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington, D.C., 1989. 

The National Research Council Report Opportunities in Chemistry published in 1985 (called the Pimentel Report ) described a survey of the state of science and technology in chemistry and made recommendations concerning future opportunities. One of the recommendations proposed the following ... 

Irving, P. Ed. Acidic deposition State of science and technology. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington, DC, 1990. Clark, T.L., Denise, R.L., Seilhop, S.K., Voldner, E.C., Olson, M.P., and Alvo, M. International sulfur desposition model evaluation. Atmospheric Environment Service, Publication No. ARD-87-1, 1987, Downsview, Ontario, Canada. 

First Report on the State of Science and Technology in Europe , Commission of the European Communities, 1988. 

Steele, Robert. "Roger Bacon and the state of science in the thirteenth century." In Studies in the history and method of science, ed. Charles J. Singer, ii, 121-150. Oxford Clarendon P, 1921. 

First, by indulging his passionate belief in science for the people, he gave students the kind of hands-on education in chemistry that he had wanted as a young man. Before Frankland, students everywhere learned science from books most never even entered a laboratory. Working tirelessly over a period of 15 years, Frankland gradually changed that and dramatically improved the state of science education in Britain. He compiled a list of 109 experiments that students needed to understand firsthand in order to pass his examinations. He wrote a textbook that became a standard for chemistry instruction, in part because it incorporated his ideas on valency and organic structures and his newly developed notation system. 

Tautz, D. (1993) Notes on the definition and nomenclature of tandemly repetitive DNA sequences. In Pena, S.D.J., Chakraborty, R., Epplen,J.T. and Jeffreys, A.J. (eds) DNA Fingerprint State of Science. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 21 pp. 

Benbrook, C.M. (2005). Elevation of antioxidant levels in food through organic farming and food processing , Organic Center State of Science Review, Foster, RI, 78 pp. 

It advances the state of science and technology, leading to other great inventions. 

N. Martini and S. Schell, Plant Oils as Fuels Present State of Science and Future Developments, Proceedings of the Symposium, Potsdam, Germany, 16-18. February, (1997), Berlin Springer, 6. (1998)... 

The scientist seeking to scale blending processes must be well aware of the limitations of the state of science in this area. Equal consideration must be given to the state of the blend in the blender, as well as the effects of subsequent handling. 

In the present state of science, it seems hardly possible to frame a dynamic theory of molecular action which shall embrace the phenomena of thermodynamics, of radiation, and of the electrical manifestations which accompany the union of atoms. .. Even if we confine our attention to phenomena distinctively thermodynamic, we do not escape difficulties in as simple a matter as the number of degrees of freedom of a diatomic gas. .. Certainly, one is building on an insecure foundation, who rests his work on hypotheses concerning the constitution of matter. 

Sisterson, D. L. Bowersox, V. C. Olsen, A. R. Meyers, T. P. Vong, R. L. Deposition Monitoring Methods and Results State of Science/Technology Report No. 6 National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Washington, DC,... 

Wigington, P. J. Davies, T. D. Tranter, M. Eshleman, K. Episodic Acidification of Surface Waters Due to Acidic Deposition Acidic Deposition State of Science and Technology Report 12 National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program Washington, DC, 1990. 

Khandekar M.L. Murty T.S. and Chittibabu P. (2005). The Global Warming Debate A Review of the State of Science. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 162(8-9), 1557-1586. 

Wigington P. J., Davies T. D., Tranter M., and Eshleman K. N. (1990) Episodic acidification of surface waters due to acidic deposition. US Natl. Acid Precip. Assess. Prog. State of Science Report 12, Washington DC, 200p. 

Grivet, T., Present State of Science Abstracting Service and Possible Improvements, UNESCO/NS/SAC/ 1, Paris (April 15, 1949). ... 

Grivet, T., "Present State of Science Abstracting Services and Possible Improvements,"... 

National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). (1990). Acidic Deposition State of Science and Technology. Vol. I. Emissions, Atmospheric Processes, and Deposition. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 

Baedecker, P. A., et al. 1990. Acidic deposition, Rept. 19. In Effects of acidic deposition on material. Washington, DC State of Science Technol., Natl. Acid Precip. Assessment Program. 

Managing risks, and deciding on the appropriate causal model, is an essential component of both public and private risk decision-making. It follows that current cancer risk assessments must reflect the state-of-science and rely as little as possible on conjecture. Specifically, the U.S. Enviromnental Protection Agency (EPA) (EPA 2005) adds that ... 

The totality of the scientific evidence for a causal default—a fundamental dose-response model, given the state-of-science—now discounts conjectural arguments (the linear, at low-dose, nonthreshold model) or arbitrary ones, such as those based on extrapolation (the threshold model) because both of them eliminate a very large number of experimentally observed health benefits. According to the EPA, the use of defaults is a subjective choice (EPA 2005). As the EPA states ... 

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