Starch derivatives acidic hydrolysis

Gums are tasteless, odorless, colorless, and nontoxic. None, except the starches and starch derivatives, are broken down by human digestive enzymes. All are subject to microbiological attack. All can be depolymerized by acid- and enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the glycosidic (acetal) linkages joining the monomeric (saccharide) units. 

Etherified starches are synthetic colloids containing over 90% amylopectin, a waxy starch derived from maize, that has been variably etherified. There are two major forms, hetastarch and pentastarch (both BAN and USAN). They are produced synthetically by introducing hydroxyethyl groups into glucose units of starch molecules, followed by acid hydrolysis, which results in a product with a molecular weight of several thousands of daltons. In hetastarch 7 or 8 and in pentastarch 4 or 5 of the hydroxyl groups in each glucose molecule are etherified. 

The products from the acid hydrolysis of 0-(2-hydroxyethyl) starch contain, in addition to the expected 2-0-, 3-0-, and 6-0-(2-hydroxyethyl)-D-glucoses, three isomeric derivatives of 2-0-(2-hydroxyethyl)-D-glu-coses that have been identified as l,2-0-ethylene- -D-glucofuranose,... 

Hydrolyzed corn starch CAS 8029-43-4 EINECS/ELINCS 232-436-4 Synonyms Com starch hydrolysate Com sugar symp Starch, com, hydrolysate Symps, com Definition Hydrolysate of corn starch derived by acid, enzyme, or other method of hydrolysis Uses Binder, vise, control agent, humectant in cosmetics, emulsions Trade Name Synonyms Nutrex PV [Fabriquimica]... 

Definition Hydrolysate of wheat starch derived by acid, enzyme, or other method of hydrolysis Uses Vise, control agent in cosmetics Hydrolyzed yeast... 

Sweeteners used throughout the world are usually derived from starch. Frequently, these are produced by an acid hydrolysis process into simpler carbohydrates. Nowadays, acid hydrolysis has been replaced by enzymes. In the enzymatic process, the treatment of starch results in various syrups that are used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. 

Lactic acid is produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate material, usually glucose derived by hydrolysis from starch. The fermentation route can provide either enantiomer of lactic acid in high purity and dominates over chemical routes. The structure of lactic acid contains one asymmetric carbon, and can therefore exist as two stereoisomers. L-lactic acid is present naturally in numerous organisms, whilst the mirror image D-lactic acid is very rare in nature. 

Our objective was to prepare more hydrophobic starches to incorporate them in latex preparation for decorative paints so that substrates derived from fossil fuel can be replaced by modified starches derived from renewable resources. Partial substitution of starch with acetate, hydroxypropyl, alkylsiliconate or fatty-acid ester groups was described in the literature for the synthesis of more hydrophobic starch. An alternative route was employed consisting of grafting octadienyl chains by butadiene telomerization (8,9). This reaction (Figure 4) was catalyzed by hydrosoluble palladium-catalytic systems prepared from palladium diacetate and trisodium tris(m-sulfonatophenyOphosphine (TPPTS). Starch octadienyl ethers are expected to be much less sensitive towards hydrolysis compared to the esterified starches. 

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