Standards for adhesives and adhesion

There are a number of Standards for adhesives and adhesion that relate to environmental exposnre and test conditions. These exist within industry sectors and are also, in some instances, the subject of both nationally and internationally agreed standards docnments. ... 

Specific tests of adhesion are described in more detail under the following articles Blister test, Climbing drum peel test, Fracture mechanics. Napkin ring test. Peel tests. Rubber to metal bonding - testing. Shear tests. Tensile tests. Wedge test and in Refs. [1-5] see also Standards for adhesives and adhesion and Appendix. 

As described in Standards for adhesives and adhesion, up-to-date standards lists can be obtained on line from the standards organizations of which some of the principal ones are ... 

Standards for adhesives and adhesion S MILLINGTON Discussion of scope and background to national standards... 

Pressure-sensitive adhesives are used in a great variety of applications, most commonly for adhesive tapes. In that case, they have to be tested by static shear test or dynamic shear test The difference between these two methods is that in static shear test a standard force is being applied to the test specimen and the adhesive failure is reported as the time it takes for failure to occur. The dynamic shear test involves a force being applied to the PSA tape at a specific rate of speed (typically 0.25 mm or 0.1 in. per minute). The value reported is as the peak force per unit area (Ib/in, also abbreviated as psi, and in SI units MPa) required to cause adhesive failure. The standards for adhesion shear tests are ASTM D3654, ISO EN 1943, and PSTC-107.i i ... 

There was previously a separate ISO standard for adhesion in shear but this was withdrawn in favour of extending the standard for shear modulus to allow the test to be continued to the failure point, i.e. the two methods have been combined. The composite method is contained in ISO 182715 and uses the same quadruple element test piece as did the separate adhesion standard. The double sandwich construction is intended to provide a very stiff test piece which will remain in alignment under high stresses. The present standard quadruple test piece uses rubber elements 4 1 mm thick and 20 5 mm long and these tolerances are much less tight than previously. The measured adhesion strength in shear is less affected by the test piece shape factor then tension tests8 and the wider tolerances should be perfectly satisfactory. The test piece is strained at a rate of 50 mm/min, in line with the speed for most other adhesion to metal tests, and the result expressed as the maximum force divided by the total bonded area of one of the double sandwiches. The British equivalent BS 903 Part A 1416 is identical. 

TABLE 19.4 Sources of Common Specifications and Standards for Adhesives and Sealants... 

Licari, J. J., Weigand, B. L., and Soykin, C. A., Development of a Qualification Standard for Adhesives Used in Hybrid Microcircuits, NASA Final Report CR-161978 (Dec. 1981)... 

ASTM D4541-09-1, Standard test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adhesion. Book of Standards Vol. 06.02. American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 

Standard Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber. Steel cords are vulcanised into a block of mbber and the force necessary to pull the cords linearly out of the mbber is measured as adhesive force. ASTM method D2229-93a can be used for evaluating mbber compound performance with respect to adhesion to steel cord. The property measured by this test method indicates whether the adhesion of the steel cord to the mbber is greater than the cohesion of the mbber, ie, complete mbber coverage of the steel cord or less than the cohesion of mbber (lack of mbber coverage). 

The type of chloroprene polymers used is perhaps best illustrated by the variety of special products, designed for adhesive appHcations, that Du Pont has developed. These are described ia Table 8. Standard polymer grades are also often used, especially to modify adhesive properties and to reduce cost. 

In solid form, the natural rubber is graded according to the content of dirt remaining from the precipitation of latex at the plantation. Eight basic NR types have been traditionally recognized internationally. Only the so-called ribbed smoked sheets and the pale crepes are normally used for adhesives. The predominant grade system, the Standard Malaysian Rubber system, has been used since 1965. 

Standard specification for phenolic and aminoplastic adhesives for laminating and fingerjointing of timber, and for furniture and joinery. SABS 1349-1981, South African Bureau of Standards, 1981. 

SEC-FUR is widely used for adhesive analysis [704,706]. Evaporative SEC-FUR has been used for the study of adhesives composed of a high-MW acrylic fraction, a medium-MW PVAc fraction, SBR in the low-MW fraction and a trace amount of dilaurylthiodipropi-onate (DLTDP) in the very low-MW region [706]. The suitability of a moving ZnSe window for SEC-FUR was demonstrated by analysing oligomers in a PS standard mixture [503]. 

---