Standard liquid

As standard liquid may be taken fluorbenzene, the specific volumes of which have been measured by Young up to the critical point (3 = 560° Abs.). 

Two separate 2.1 L reservoirs contain the catalyst and product phases and the contents are fed into the reactor through a standard liquid mass flow controller. The contents of the reactor can be sampled from a pressure fed sample tube. The pressurized liquid reactor products exit the reactor through a pressure control valve, which reduces the pressure to atmospheric, and the liquid contents are delivered to a continuous decanter where the phases separate. The catalyst phase then settles to the bottom where it is drained for recycle and reuse, while the product phase is collected into a 4.2 L reservoir. 

In addition to standard liquid injection there are many GC accessories which can provide different methods of sample introduction to the column, such as HS, SPE, SFE, TD, TG, Py, etc. Examples of such GC-FTIR devices are TD-GC-FT1R (with a cryostat interface) and PyGC-FTIR. 

If the pressure drop across the valve is AP > APc, the value of APc is used as the pressure drop in the standard liquid sizing equation to determine... 

Barrel (BBL) - A barrel has been traditionally the standard liquid quantity of measurement in the petroleum industry. One barrel of oil equals 159 liters (42 U.S. gallons). 

The direct comparison of a standard liquid-liquid extraction with a liquid-liquid extraction followed by MI-SPE demonstrated the enhancing character of the MI-SPE technique. In GC chromatograms, peak heights of sameridine extracted from spiked human plasma were increased by a factor of 5 after introducing an SPE step see Fig. 10. Besides that, the number of impurities was noticeably reduced by this selective extraction step [92 - 94]. Interestingly, in this case it was possible to use as template a structure which was a little different from that of the analyte (R2=methyl for the template and R2 = ethyl for the analyte sameridine). 

Fig. 10. Representative GC-traces of spiked human plasma samples subjected to either (top) liquid-liquid extraction followed by MI-SPE or (bottom) standard liquid-liquid extraction only. Human plasma was spiked with 66.8 nmol/1 of sameridine and 50.2 nmol/1 of internal standard. A sameridine (Ri = methyl, R2 = ethyl), B internal standard, C imprint species (Rx = methyl, R2 = methyl). MIP was composed of MAA and EGDMA. Reprinted with permission from An-dersson LI (2000) J Chromatogr 739 163. Copyright 2000 Elsevier Science...

It is, however, important to mention here that the calibration of Abbe s refractometer may be checked periodically by making use of standard liquids whose refractive index are stated in the European Pharmacopoea (as Reference Liquids). 

Recent improvements in pH probe design are directed toward alleviating some of the problems mentioned above. For example, the Ingold DPAS prepressurized gel-filled pH electrode performs better than the standard liquid-filled probes, requires minimal servicing since there is no need to refill the electrode with electrolyte, and is relatively simple to install. 

Sampling and Analysis. Water samples (triplicate 1 ml) were taken at 2-day intervals and analyzed by standard liquid scintillation (LS) methods for total l C ioO ml samples were taken 2, 5, 9, 15, 22, 30, 43, 48, and 58 days after the start of the experiment, these were extracted twice with 50 ml of ethyl acetate hexane (7 3 v/v) and the extracts were reduced to 20 ml and analyzed by LS and TLC. 

Sampling and Analysis Water samples (triplicate 1-ml) were taken at 2-day intervals and analyzed by standard liquid scintillation (LS) methods for total Larger water samples (100 ml)... 

Figure 10. An ambient air ion chromatogram (A) is shown in comparison with a standard liquid-phase ion chromatogram (B). (Reproduced frotn reference 96. Copyright 1989 American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 18.10. Dimensions of standard liquid knockout drums with tangential inlets.

There are five basic water purification technologies—distillation, ion exchange, carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis, and membrane filtration. Most academic laboratories are equipped with in-house purified water, which typically is produced by a combination of the above purifying technologies. For most procedures carried out in a biochemistry teaching laboratory, water purified by deionization, reverse osmosis, or distillation usually is acceptable. For special procedures such as buffer standardization, liquid chromatography, and tissue culture, ultrapure water should be used. 

Although for any particular application the liquid to be found in service should be used for testing, it has long been common practice to use standard liquids representative of the various types of liquid to which the product... 

Standard liquid oil good-quality winterized olive oil Spectrometer capable of recording a signal 70 psec after the pulse... 

Transfer samples and standard liquid oil to NMR tubes. Fill the tubes so that the entire sample is contained within the NMR coil. 

Absolute determinations of V are extremely difficult. For routine measurements relative methods have been worked out29 31, in which the experimental material is compared directly with a standard liquid ([Pg.58]

If the colour obtained is deeper than that of any of the standard liquids, the liquid tested must contain more than o-ooi gram of nitrate per 10 c.c. it should then be suitably diluted with distilled water. 

With the Duboscq colorimeter, comparison is made with a standard liquid, but the nature of this has not been definitely fixed some use solutions of caramelised sugar of given colouring intensity, others a o-i%-iodine solution. 

Kerns, E. H. Rourick, R. A. Volk, K. J. Lee, M. S. 1997. Buspirone metabolite structure profile using a standard liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric protocol. /. Chromatogr. B, 698,133-145. 

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