Spruce pulp

Obviously, the first measure to think about could be the substitution of recycled fibre-based boxboard for foodstuff by virgin fibre-based material. The required amount of recycled fibre-based boxboard for foodstuff equals to 700,000 t/year in Germany [7]. For the substitution of the recycled fibre-based boxboard, it is simply assumed that the required virgin fibre-based board is produced totally from mechanical spruce pulp with a process yield of 97%. This would require in total additionally about 1.68 Mio m3 wood per year. The inventory study of the carbon balance of the German forests [8] indicates an average yearly wood growth of... 

Bujanovic, B., Cameron, J.H., and Yilgor, N., Comparative studies of kraft and kraft-borate pulping of black spruce,. Pulp Paper Sci., 29(6), 190,2003. 

Spruce Mechanical Pulps and Treatments. When spruce pulp sample 4 was treated with borohydride, the pulp became brighter (Table I). In the Raman spectrum of the bleached pulp, bands at 1620 and 1654 cm-1 declined in intensity (Table III). These changes were probably caused by the removal or modification, or both, of chromophores and aromatic carbonyl groups. It is known that... 

The resin in the parenchyma cells is mainly composed of fatty acid esters (fats and waxes) and sterols. When wood is pulped, this resin usually remains encapsulated inside the parenchyma cells, while the oleoresin becomes dispersed in the liquor. This is particularly the case with spruce parenchyma cells, which have minute pores and rigid cell walls. Pine parenchyma cells have larger pores and release their resin more readily (Table 5-1). The resin content of acid sulfite spruce pulps can be effectively lowered by fiber fractionation. The situation is different for pine pulps in which the proportion of parenchyma cells is lower. 

C). Soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform insoluble in water. Flash p (p-) 127F (51C) (CC). Derivation Mixed cymenes are produced from toluene by alkylation. p-Cymene occurs in several essential oils and is made from monocyclic terpenes by dehydrogenation. These terpenes can be made from turpentine or obtained as a by-product from the sulfite digestion of spruce pulp in paper manufacture. 

The higher pentosan content of ray cells as compared to that of the entire wood was noticed early, " as was also the fact that spruce pulp fines often contain more pentosans than does the unfractionatcid pulp. " An interesting study of the carbohydrate composition of parenchyma (ray) cells and prosenchyma cells in Scots pine, Norway spruce, and silver... 

The Substrate and Its Modification. Solka Floe—SW40A (Brown Co., Berlin, N. H., USA), a wood (spruce) pulp commonly used as a filter aid has been used as a basic cellulosic material for susceptibility tests and saccharification studies. The material was milled dry in a laboratory porcelain pot mill using glazed porcelain balls of 1 inch (2.65... 

Laccase Modification of the Physical Properties of Bark and Pulp of Loblolly Pine and Spruce Pulp... 

Dried thermomechanical pulp (TMP) (mature loblolly pine, Pinus taeda) was obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Pineville, Mississippi. Steam pressures used during the TMP process were 4, 8, and 12 bar. Spruce (Picea glauca) chips were refined at 103 kPa, followed by atmospheric refining to 600 mL Canadian standard fi eeness (CSF). Spruce pulps were further refined to 70 mL CSF after enzyme treatments using a PFI mill to reduce the freeness. 

Several conditions were selected to test the effects of oxidative enzyme treatment on spruce pulps and determine if handsheet properties were altered by the treatment. Spruce pulp of high fi-eeness (CSF 600 mL) was treated with... 

Woodworker s lung Oak, cedar, and mahogany dust, pine and spruce pulp Altemaria sp., wood dust... 

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