Sprinter

In a very real sense, your body stores energy available from the metabolism of foods in the form of ATP. This molecule in turn supplies the energy required for all sorts of biochemical reactions taking place in the body. It does this by reverting to ADP, that is, by reversing reaction 17.6. The amount of ATP consumed is amazingly large a competitive sprinter may hydrolyze as much as 500 g (about 1 lb) of ATP per minute. 

A Sprinter Uses Creatine Phosphate Anaerobic Glycolysis to Make ATP, Whereas a Marathon Runner Uses Oxidative Phosphorylation... 

Table 49-11. Types of muscle fibers and major fuel sources used by a sprinter and by a marathon runner.

People worry that a greyhound will be more nervous and active than other breeds and will need a large space to run. These are false impressions. Greyhounds have naturally sweet, mild dispositions, and while they love to run, they are sprinters rather than distance runners and are sufficiently exercised with a few daily laps around a fenced-in backyard. 

Plopper CG (1996) Structure and function of the lung. In Jones TC, Dung-worth DL, Mohr U (eds.) Respiratory System. Sprinter Verlag, Berlin, pp 135— 150. 

The change in the amount of reactants or products over time is called the reaction rate. How do chemists express reaction rates Consider how the rates of other processes are expressed. For example, the Olympic sprinter in Figure 6.1 can run 100 m in about 10 s, resulting in an average running rate of 100 m/10 s or about 10 m/s. 

The running rate of a sprinter is calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the interval of time the sprinter takes to travel this distance. In other words, running rate (speed) is expressed as a change in distance divided by a change in time. In general, a change in a quantity with respect to time can be expressed as follows. 

The running rate (speed) of a sprinter is expressed as a change in distance over time. 

The rate of energy expenditure is usually expressed as watts. One watt is equal to one joule per second. One kilowatt (kW) is equal to one kilojoule per second. A top class sprinter expends energy (i.e. converts chemical energy into heat) at a rate of about 3000 watts and a marathon rather about 1400 watts. 

The different fibres have different properties, and different proportions are present in different individuals. The biochemical and physiological characteristics of the different fibres explain why some individuals are good sprinters whereas others are good endurance athletes. These differences are most marked in... 

Noakes —> did not separate type 11 fibres into A and B. Thus the muscles of sprinter comprise 74% type 11 fibres, probably primarily type IIB. 

A sprinter running the 100.0 m dash runs how many feet ... 

Oxygen Consumption during Exercise A sedentary adult consumes about 0.05 L of 02 in 10 seconds. A sprinter, running a 100 m race, consumes about 1 L of 02 in 10 seconds. After finishing the race, the sprinter continues to breathe at an elevated (but declining) rate for some minutes, consuming an extra 4 L of 02 above the amount consumed by the sedentary individual. 

Sony Magnascale, High Speed Video Duplicating System, Sprinter Brochure, 1986. 

Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson (1961- ) tests positive for anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) at the Seoul Olympic games and forfeits his gold medal to the second-place finisher, American Carl Lewis (1961-). 

Creatine was thrust onto the global athletic scene in 1992 when British sprinters Linford Christie and Sally Gunnel won Olympic gold in Barcelona after reportedly training with the aid of creatine supplementation. Since that time, a number of clinical studies have looked at both the ergogenic (output enhancing effect) and therapeutic benefits of creatine. 

Creatine was thrust into the global athletic scene in 1992 when British sprinter Linford Christie won a gold medal after reportedly training with the aid of... 

What do home run king Mark McGwire, French tennis champ Mary Pierce, international soccer star Zinedine Zidane, British sprinter Linford Christie, and NFL tight end Shannon Sharpe all have in common All have spoken openly to the media about their use of creatine supplements in athletic training. 

Toyota recently announced a PHEV version of its popular Prius to be ready for delivery by 2010. Daimler has been testing 40 of its Sprinter delivery vans developed Europe that utilize diesel-electric plug-in technologies. 

Schwartz, S. E. Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems Jaeschke. W., Ed. NATO ASI Series Sprinter-Verlag, Berlin, 1986 Vol. G6, pp 415-71. 

An Olympic-class sprinter can run 100 meters in about 10.0 seconds. Express this speed in (a) kilometers per hour and (b) miles per hour. 

The same distinctions hold in humans. Sprinters and marathon runners have different proportions of muscle fibers, and therefore different metabolisms. Sprinters have relatively more fast white fibers, and can run very rapidly, but not for long distances. Marathon runners, on the other hand, have more slow red fibers and can carry out aerobic metabolism for very long periods of time, although they can t go as fast. Well-trained, world-class runners may have as much as 90 percent of their leg muscle of one type or the other, depending on their sport. Some sports, such as basketball and soccer, involve both aerobic endurance and anaerobic sprinting these athletes tend to have both types of muscle fiber. Untrained individuals have about 50 percent of each type. The relative contributions of training and heredity to each type of metabolism remain unknown, although both play some part. 

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