Spray drying sodium chloride

Silver nitrate-ammonium hydroxide-sodium chloride A mixture of silver nitrate (0.05 M)/ ammonium hydroxide (5%) is sprayed on the plate, followed by drying and further spraying with 10% aqueous sodium chloride to yield yellow/brown spots. 

A few additives have been tested in spray drying systems. Calcium chloride has proven effective in increasing the reactivity of limestone and Ca(0H)2 towards SO2 (10, 11). Adipic acid was also tested (12) with mixed results. Sodium sulfite, sodium hydroxide, Fe++ compounds, Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic-acetic acid and disodium salt (EDTA) have been used as additives during simultaneous SO2 and N0X removal (Niro Process) (13). The emphasis in the Niro process was to improve the removal of NOx. 

Sodium Chloride. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used by some detergent manufacturers, its main function being as an inert filler or diluent. In spray-drying operations, NaCl is used to control Crutcher slurry viscosity and the density of the spray-dried bead or granules. In liquid formulations, NaCl is used to control product viscosity through the salt effect. Although salt is used to some extent in autodish formulations, it is not recommended because of potential machine and dishware corrosion. 

The dichlorosilane (0.29 g, 1.2 mmol) was added to a suspension of spray-dried potassium fluoride (0.36 g, 6.2 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) at 0 °C under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 3 h, cooled to room temperature and mixed with (i-Pr3P)2PdCl2 (2.6 mg, 5yumol) and 3,4-difluorochlorobenzene (0.14g, 1.0 mmol). The whole mixture was heated at 120°C for 29 h, cooled to room temperature, poured into a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and extracted with ethyl acetate. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure afforded a crude product which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane-ethyl acetate, 5 1) to give the desired product 2 (0.20 g, 64% yield). 

Instant coffee Wheat flour Rye flour Corn starch Soy protein Malic acid Granular sucrose Ground roasted coffee Lactose monohydrate, spray-dried lactose, and sodium chloride OK Potato starch and granules Sucrose Maltodextrin Sodium chloride... 

Figures 37.6 and 37.7 show SEM images of sodium chloride powders produced by spray drying of a 2.5 mol/L solution of NaCl at 760,400,250, and 120 Torr, and at reactor temperatures of lOO C and 400 C, respectively. In contrast to zirconia particles that were spherical, these powders are cubic. This is attributed to the crystal growth mechanism of sodium chloride, which is different fi om zirconia powder.

Highly concentrated betaines are produced by the spray drying of the aqueous betaine solution. This can result in products containing 80-85% active matter, 13-15% sodium chloride and 0.3-3.0% water. Another possibility for the production of a solid betaine is the use of a solvent in which the betaine is substantially insoluble. For this purpose, polar aprotic solvents such as esters or liquefied gas solvents can be used (19). The solid betaines have advantages in those applications where the water content is critical. 

By spray-drying aqueous betaine solutions, it is possible to obtain highly concentrated betaine products, typically consisting of 80-85% fatty acid amidopropyl betaine, 13-15% sodium chloride, and 0.3-3.0% water. Spray-drying typically uses betaines with low Cg/Cjo alkyl components (J. Venzmer, personal communication, 1996). 

In a process used from 1937 to 1984, a solution of 10-15% hypochlorous acid, which contains very little chloride, is mixed with a slurry of hydrated lime at pH 10.0-10.5 to form a 15-20% solution of calcium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite may be added to convert calcium chloride to calcium hypochlorite. The solution is spray dried, and the resulting solid is granulated and vacuum dried. Figure 24.7 depicts a current process, which uses salt-free 45-50% hypochlorous acid to make a slurry of hydrated calcium hypochlorite that is spray dried to make calcium hypochlorite with up to 82% available chlorine. The product may also be agglomerated. ... 

MASTMAASIS test tind is used for exfoliation testing of aluminum. Annex 2 uses a 5 % sodium chloride solution that has been adjusted to a pH between 2.8 and 3.0 with acetic acid [4], The test cycle is a 6-h cycle of %-h spray, 2-h dry air purge, and 3 -h soak at high humidity. The... 

After about one hour, the gradual addition of 80 parts of vinyl chloride and the remainder of solutions A and B is started. The total addition time, while the reaction temperature is maintained at 50 C, is 6-7 hr. At the end of the reaction period, the latex is cooled, 0.2 parts sodium bistridecylsulfosuccinate is added quickly to stabilize the latex. The excess monomer is vented off and the latex is spray dried. 

The Swedish Corrosion Institute found similar results in a study on pretreating rusted steel [14]. In this study, panels of hot-rolled steel, from which the null scale had been removed using dry abrasive blasting, were sprayed daily with 3% sodium chloride solution for five months, until the surface was covered with a thick, tightly adhering layer of rust. Panels were then subjected to various pretreatments to ranove as much rust as possible and were later tested for chlorides with the Bresle test. Results are given in Table 4.4. 

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