Sponges Hyrtios erecta

These types of compounds also showed other interesting properties, such as antineoplasic and cytotoxic activity reported from scalarane-type sesterterpenes of the Indian Ocean sponge Hyrtios erecta [109,110], and antituberculosis properties [111]. 

The New Zealand bryozoan Cribicellina cribraria was the source of several P-carboline alkaloids. One of these examples, compound 34, has a unique methylsulfone substituent. Spectroscopic studies identified 34 as 1-ethyl-4-methylsulfone-P-carboline [34]. Hyrtiomanzamine (35) represents the first example of a 6-OH-P-carboline ring associated with a betaine unit to be obtained from a natural source. This compound was isolated from the Red Sea sponge Hyrtios erecta and its structure was determined on the basis of its spectral data [35]. Compound 35 displayed immunosuppressive activity with an ED50 of 2 mg/ml in the B lymphocytes reaction assay. The lack of cytotoxicity against KB cells indicated that the immunosuppressive activity of 35 is specific and not due to a general cytotoxic effect. 

Aoki S, Ye Y, Higuchi K, Takashima A, Tanaka Y, Kitagawa I, Kobayashi M (2001) Novel Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Selective Inhibitor, Aplysinopsin-Type Indole Alkaloid, from Marine Sponge Hyrtios erecta. Chem Pharm Bull 49 1372... 

Hainan Is., China) contained 12o -0-acetylhyrtiolide (197) [103]. A new scalarane-type pentacyclic sesterterpene, sesterstatin 6 (198), was isolated from the Republic of Maldives marine sponge Hyrtios erecta. The structure was elucidated by analyses with HRMS and high-field 2-D NMR spec-... 

Another large group of brominated tryptophan-derived marine alkaloids are the aplysinopsins and several new examples have been reported. The sponge Hyrtios erecta has furnished 20 and 21[26], while a New Zealand asddian is the source of kottamides A-E, for example A (22) [27] and E (23) [28], The stony coral Tubastraea sp. contains the structurally complex and unprecedented bisindole tubastrindole A (24) [29]. 

The Okinawan ascidian Lissodinum sp. produces the cytotoxic diterpene alkaloids haterumaimides J (99) and K (100) [86[. The incredibly prolific cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula has furnished the quinoline alkaloid 101 [87[. The new quinolones 102 and 103 were isolated from the sponge Hyrtios erecta [26[. 

From the Fijian sponge Fascaplysinopis reticulata were isolated two sesterterpenoids related to luffariellolide, wodehydro-luffariellolide (69) and dehydro-luffariellolide diacid (70). Ao-dehydro-luffariellolide inhibited at 1 mg/ml 81% of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity [90] and reduced the activity of p56lck tyrosine kinase at 0.5 mM to 45% in ELISA based assays [91]. Hyrtiolide (71) was isolated from the Fijian sponge Hyrtios erecta together with its correlated wo-dehydro-... 

This could not be the case of homofascaplysin A (39) [Fig. (11)], a p-carboline-indole alkaloid isolated from the sponge Hyrtios erecta [56], Indeed, homofascaplysin A (39) showed activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains with an IC50 of about 20 ng/mL, but its toxicity toward rat skeletal muscle myoblast cells was estimated to be less than 1 pg/mL, and thus the selectivity index of this molecule is very narrow. 

Aoki, S., Ye, Y., Higuchi, K., Takashima, A., Tanaka, Y., Kitagawa, 1., Kobayashi, M., (2001). Novel neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) selective inhibitors, aplysinopsin-type indole alkaloids, fix)m marine sponge Hyrtios erecta. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 49, 1372-1374. 

Kobayashi, J., Miu ayama, T., Ishibashi, M., Kosuge, S., Takamatsu, M., Ohizumi, Y., Kobayashi, H., Ohta, T., Nozoe, S., Sasaki, T., (1990). Hyrtiosins A and B, new indole alkaloids from the Okinawan marine sponge Hyrtios erecta. Tetrahedron 46, 7699-7702. 

The novel sesterterpene salmahyrtisol A and three other new sca-larane-type sesterterpenes (salmahyrtisol, 3-acetyl sesterstatin 1, and 19-acetyl sesterstatin 3), isolated from the Red Sea sponge Hyrtios erecta, have significant cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma, human colon carcinoma, and murine lukemia. Halorosellinic acid, an... 

Bourguet-Kondracki, M.-L., Martin, M., and Guyot, M. (1996c) A new 3-carboline alkaloid isolated from the marine sponge Hyrtios erecta. Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 3457-3460. 

Pettit, G.R., Tan, R and Cichaez, Z.A. (2005) Antineoplastic agents. 542. Isolation and structure of sesterstatin 6 from the Indian ocean sponge Hyrtios erecta.J. Nat Prod., 68,1253-1255. 

R. K. (1998a) Antineoplastic agents. 386. Isolation of sesterstatins 1-3 from the marine sponge Hyrtios erecta. J. Nat. Prod., 61,13-16. 

Yu, Z.-G., Bi, K.-S., and Guo, Y.-W. (2005) Hyrtiosins A-E, five new scalarane sesterterpenes from the South China sea sponge Hyrtios erecta. Helv. Chim. Acta. 88,1004-1009. 

Bergman, J., Janosik, T., and Johnsson, A.L. (1999) Synthesis of hyrtiosin B, a bis-indole alkaloid from the Okinawan marine sponge Hyrtios erecta. Synthesis, 580-582. 

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