Sponge terpenoids

Figure 8 Sponge terpenoids containing the rare isocyanide, isothiocyanide, and dichloroimine functional groups...

Carroll, J. Jonsson, E. N. Ebel, R. Hartman, M. S. Holman, T. R. Crews, R Probing Sponge-Derived Terpenoids for Human 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 6847-6851. 

The diversity of natural products of the Black Sea is also modest, including unexceptional metabolites from red seaweeds (Gtiven 1970 Hamberg 1992) and brown seaweeds (Milkova 1997), fetty acids (Christie 1994) and sterols from sponges and other invertebrates (Milkova 1997), and common terpenoids from bryozoans (Hadjieva 1987). 

In the cnidarians, the true medusae (Cubozoa) contain unusual toxic polypeptides in their nematocysts. The anthozoans are characteristic for the production of lower terpenoids similar to those from terrestrial plants (Pietra 1995). Bryozoans, in analogy with the sponges, are only productive in the sea, giving unusual metabolites, in particular novel macrolides (Table 9.1). 

Hirota H, Tomono Y, Fusetani N (1996) Terpenoids with Antifouling Activity Against Barnacle Larvae from the Marine Sponge Acanthella cavernosa. Tetrahedron 52 2359... 

Amagata T, Whitman S, Johnson TA, Stessman CC, Loo CP, Lobkovsky E, Clardy J, Crews P, Holman TR (2003) Exploring Sponge-Derived Terpenoids for Their Potency and Selectivity Against 12-Human, 15-Human, and 15-Soybean Lipoxygenases. J Nat Prod 66 230... 

Hirota, H., Tomono, Y., and Fusetani, N., Terpenoids with antifouling activity against barnacle larvae from the marine sponge Acanthella cavernosa, Tetrahedron, 52, 2359, 1996. 

Dumdei, E. J., Kubanek, J., Coleman, J. E., Pika, J., Andersen, R. J., Steiner, J. R., and Clardy, J., New terpenoid metabolites from the skin extracts, an egg mass, and dietary sponges of the North Eastern Pacific dorid nudibranch Cadlina luteomarginata, Can. J. Chem., 75, 773, 1997. 

Some groups of nudibranchs, typically those from temperate waters, manufacture their own defensive terpenoid chemicals this may be a response to the lack of terpenes in the preferred sponge diet.210 211 The ability to synthesize defensive metabolites confers an ecological advantage over sequestration, and is regarded as an evolutionary advance.226... 

Although those similar to terrestrial terpenoids are foimd commonly in marine organism, in particular in algae, several terpenoids with new or modified skeletons have been isolated frequently from algae, sponges, and cnidarians. Halogenated... 

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