Acanthella cavernosa

Kalihinols G (277) and H (278) were trace components of a species of Acanthella from Guam and kalihinol X (279) was isolated from a Fijian species of Acanthella. All inhibited growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans [278]. 10-Epi-isokalihinol H (280) and 15-isothiocyanato-l-epi-kalihinene (281) were isolated from Acanthella cavernosa from the Seychelles [279]. A Japanese specimen of A. cavernosa contained a sesquiterpene isothiocyanate (282) and 10 3-formamido-5p-isothiocyanatokalihinol A (283). Structures were assigned by spectral data interpretation [280]. Phakellia pulcherrima from the Philippines contained the minor diterpene isothiocyanates kalihinol L (284), 10-isothiocyanatokalihinol G (285), 10-epi-kalihinol H (286) and 10-isothiocyanatokalihinol C (287) [281]. 10-Epi-kalihinol I (288) and 5,10-bisisothiocyanatokalihinol G (289) were isolated from an Acanthella sp. from Okinawa [282]. 

IO-isothiocyanato-l l-axene Acanthella cavernosa [175] Antifouling activity... 

Okino T, Yoshimura E, Hirota H, Fusetani N (1995) Antifouling Kalihinenes from the Marine Sponge Acanthella cavernosa. Tetrahedron Lett 36 8637... 

Hirota, H., Tomono, Y., and Fusetani, N., Terpenoids with antifouling activity against barnacle larvae from the marine sponge Acanthella cavernosa, Tetrahedron, 52, 2359, 1996. 

Finally, Ireland and co-workers175 reported the isolation and characterization of a series of diterpene kalihinols, from two Acanthella cavernosa sponges with bacterial folate biosynthesis inhibitory activity. 

Kalihinol A (108) was originally isolated as an antimicrobial compound from Acanthella sp. collected in Guam. Kalihinol A, and other isocyanides, including kalihinenes X (166), Y (167), and Z (168), as well as 10-formamidokalihinene (169) — all of which were isolated from the Japanese Acanthella cavernosa—were shown to inhibit the larval settiement and metamorphosis at concentrations less than 0.1 pgmP whereas toxicity toward the barnacle cyprids was very low (LD50 values > lOOpgmP ). Antimalarial activity was also reported for other biological activities of kalihinol A. ... 

TableS. Incorporation of 1 C Thiocyanate into Specimens of Acanthella cavernosa...

Isoq anates in marine sponges axisocyanates-3, a new sesquiterpene from Acanthella cavernosa. Jumaryatno, P., Rands-Trevor, K., Blanchfield, J.T., Garson, M.J. (2007) ARKIVOC, 2007, 157-166. 

Axisonitrile-3 (R = NQ Axisothiocyanate-3 (R = NCS) Axinella cannahina Di Blasio et al., 1976 Acanthella cavernosa Clark et al., 2000 Amorphinopsis foetida Wegerski et al, 2006 Axisocyanate-3 (R = NCO) Acanthella cavernosa Jumaryatno et al 2007... 

Clark, R.J., Stapleton, B.L., and Garson, M.J. (2000) New isocyano and isothiocyanato terpene metabolites from the tropical marine sponge Acanthella cavernosa. Tetrahedron, 56, 3071—3076. 

Dumdei, E.J., Flowers, A,E, Garson, M.J., and Moore, C.J. (1997b) The biosynthesis of sesquiterpene isocyanides and isothiocyanates in the marine sponge Acanthella cavernosa (Dendy) evidence for dietary transfer to the dorid nudibranch Phyllidiella pustulosa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 118A, 1385-1392. 

Rodriguez, J., Nieto, R.M., Hrmter, L.M., Diaz, M.C., Crews, P., Lobkovsky E., and Clardy, J. (1994) Variation among known kalihinol and new kalihinene diterpenes from the sponge Acanthella cavernosa. Tetrahedron, 50, 11079-11090. 

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