Splenocytes

El4. Ertel, E., Keel,M Steckholzer, U.,Ungethum, U andTrentz, O., Interleukin-10 attenuates the release of proinflammatory cytokines but depresses splenocyte functions in murine endotox-emia. Arch. Surg. 131, 51-56 (1996). 

Fig. 15 Induction of cellular immunity by subcutaneous immunization with OVA-encapsulating y-PGA-Phe nanoparticles. Mice were subcutaneously immunized one time with OVA alone (10 pg), 10 pg of OVA and 100 pg of NPs (OVA-NPs), 10 pg of OVA and 100 pL of complete Freund s adjuvant (OVA + CFA), or PBS (control). Splenocytes were obtained from the immunized mice on day 10 after the immunization and stimulated with the OVA peptide. The number of IFN-y-producing cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. SFU spot forming units...

Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas isolated blood leukocytes and splenocytes exposure to various concentrations of PCBs 138, 153, 169, or 180 for 48 h... 

No marked effect on phagocytosis at 25 mg/kg medium significant inhibition of proliferative response of splenocytes at 20-25 mg/kg PCB 138, but no inhibition at this concentration by other PCBs no measurable effect at 5 mg/kg medium for any PCB tested... 

FIGURE 7.5 7,8-BPQ increases intracellular Ca2+ in murine spleen cells (A) and in both B and T cells (B). Single cell suspensions were prepared from murine spleens. Splenocytes were loaded with Fluo-3/AM dye for one hour and then treated with 7,8-BPQ, 1,6-BPQ, 3,6-BPQ, or DMSO (control). Surface-marker-defined T cells and B cells were treated with 7,8-BPQ or DMSO. Following treatment, the immediate intracellular Ca2+ response was continuously monitored for 15 minutes. Results are shown as the change in Mean Channel Fluorescence SEM. The numbers shown in this figure were the averages of triplicate determinants. Adapted from Gao et al., 2005. 

Marcus, R., Holsapple, M., and Kaminski, N., Lipopolysaccharide activation of murine splenocytes and splenic B cells increased the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, J. Pharmacol. Exper. Therap.. 287, 1113, 1998. 

Bernier, J. et al., Purification of functional T lymphocytes from splenocytes of the beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), Develop. Comp. Immunol., 24, 653, 2000. 

De Guise, S. et al., Effects of in vitro exposure of Beluga whale splenocytes and thymocytes to heavy metals, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15, 1357,1996. 

The development of nevirapine-induced disease is clearly immune-mediated as upon re-challenge with nevirapine the rash developed faster in previously exposed and fully recuperated rats. In addition, memory for skin reactions in response to nevirapine were transferable by splenocytes from treated to naive animals [15]. In summary, nevirapine-induced skin reactions in rat are immune-mediated and dependent on genetic background, including gender. 

Diphenylhydantoin, which has been demonstrated to cause autoimmune phenomena in man (SLE, vasculitis and scleroderma and skin) has also been tested (via drinking water for 6 months) in genetically predisposed mice (C57BL/6-lpr/lpr strain) but the compound depressed rather than increased the levels of ANA (55 and section 4.1, below). In another study [56], a slight shift towards a Th2 response was demonstrated as an increase in the KLH-induced production of IL-4 and IgE (IgE was detected by direct ELISA, which makes these data suspect) in a 4 weeks exposure study. In this same study, proliferative responses of splenocytes to KLH (using spleen cells of KLH-sen-sitized mice), mitogens (ConA, LPS) or anti-CD3 were also reduced, possibly through interference with accessory cell function. 

Seguin, B., Masson, M.J., and Uetrecht, J.P., (2004) D-pemciUamine-induced autoimmunity in the Brown Norway rat Role for both T and non-T splenocytes in adoptive transfer of... 

The stress-associated shift in Thl/Th2 cytokines observed in human subjects has also been demonstrated in restraint-stressed mice. Associated with the shift towards a Th2 response are a significant decrease in NK cell activity, decreased IFN-y production by Con A-stimulated splenocytes, and a concomitant increase in serum corticosterone levels after 24 hours of restraint.30 These observations are consistent with studies on the effects of restraint stress and the immune response to viral infection. Restraint-stressed mice exhibited a decline in NK cell activity and a decrease in the generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to HSV-l after primary infection, which resulted in an increase in the replication of the virus at the site of infection.3132... 

Avitsur, R. et al., Social stress alters splenocyte phenotype and function., J. Neuroimmunol., 132, 66, 2002. 

Quan, N. et al., Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in splenocytes of socially stressed male mice, J. Neuroimmunol., 137, 51, 2003. 

Liu, Y. et al., Sigma-1 receptors modulate functional activity of rat splenocytes, J. Neuro-immunol., 59, 143, 1995. 

I Iallquist, N. et al., Differential effects of nicotine and aging on splenocyte proliferation and the production of Thl- versus Th2-type cytokines, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 224 141 2000. 

Wang, Y. et al., Influence of chronic dietary ethanol on cytokine production by murine splenocytes and thymocytes, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 18, 64, 1994. 

Nickel significantly enhanced the synthesis and/or secretion of IL-2 by cultured murine splenocytes and also the expression of the receptor for IL-2 [386]. It was also shown [387] that nickel increased IL-2 production in an antigen-specific (ovalbumin) T cell activation system in vitro. 

Yu, J.-L., Dou, D.-Q., Chen, X.-H., Yang, H.-Z., Guo, N., and Cheng, G.-F. (2005). Protopa-naxatriol-type ginsenosides differentially modulate type 1 and type 2 cytokines production from murine splenocytes. Planta Med. 71, 202-207. 

Waldrep JC, Kaplan HJ Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation induced by TNP-splenocytes (TNP-ACAID). 11. Suppressor T-cell networks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983 24 1339-1345. 

Osna N, Elliott K, Khan MM Regulation of interleukin-10 secretion by histamine in Th2 cells and splenocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2001 1 85-96. 

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