Sphere of action

Wirkungs-losigkeit, /. inactivity, ineffectiveness, inefficiency, -moglichkeit, /. possible effect, -quant, -quantum, n. quantum of action, effective quantum, -querschnitt, m. effective cross section, -sphkre, /. sphere of action, -variabel, n. action variable, -ver mSgen, n. power of action, working power. 

In strongly acid solution the reaction proceeds from left to right, but is reversed in almost neutral solution. Oxidation also proceeds quantitatively in a slightly acid medium in the presence of a zinc salt. The very sparingly soluble potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate(II) is formed, and the hexacyanoferrate(II) ions are removed from the sphere of action ... 

Foucault, like his French predecessor and mentor, Gaston Bachelard, paid particular attention to the primacy in history of discursive breaks and ruptures in knowledge or belief systems.3 In this and in Foucault s emphasis on the relative coercion that disciplines exercised on their practitioners, he made arguments already familiar to Anglo-American scholars acquainted with Kuhn s characterizations of "normal science" and the reasons for a scientific community s coherent outlook. However, unlike Kuhn, Foucault declined to dissect the so-called hard sciences as objects of inquiry, restricting himself to discourses and power relationships in the medical, biological, and social sciences.4 However, Foucault did see the potential in the application of his method for the destruction of the demarcation between scientific and nonscientific spheres of action and belief. 

The mean radius of the sphere of action around each particle calculated from the observed rate of coagulation is 31 82 x 10 cm. or some one and a quarter times the actual radius of the particle. 

The molecules M and Q can come into contact (within the sphere of action) through their random diffusional motion. The rate constant kD of diffusion controlled encounters is the upper limit for any bimolecular reaction. This must be multiplied by the probability of an encounter leading to reaction (quenching in the present case), and the luminescence quantum yield then follows the Stern-Volmer equation... 

Just as the emblem steps towards us, freeing itself from the printed page and rebuilding itself in the imaginative pictures of our inner world, so if we are to truly make relationship with it, we in our turn must step into the sphere of action of the emblem. 

Li2COg.Aq + 2HI. Aq = 2L.iI.Aq + H20 + C02. In dilute solution the acid H2COg would be liberated it is a very weak acid, i.e. it is comparatively very slightly ionised into + — 2H.Aq and COg.Aq and, moreover, it readily decomposes into H20 and C02 hence it is removed from the sphere of action as it is formed, and on evaporation the salt is left behind, as in the previous example. 

N,jV-diethylaniline MTHF, methyl-tetrahydrofuran a The R values in Angstrom units refer to the radius of the Perrin quenching sphere of action ... 

Figure 1 Quenching of ethidium bromide fluorescence by amsacrine in the presence of poly(dA-dT)-poly(dA-dT). ( ) Steady-state intensity and ( ) integrated fluorescence decay (Scxt). (Data compiled from Refs. 2 and 3, respectively.) [EB+] = 2 pM [bp] = 20 pM buffer is 0.01 M SHE (9.4 mM NaCl, 2 mM N-(2-hydroxylethyl)piperazine-N-2-ethan-sulfonate (pH 7), 20 pM EDTA). The solid line is quenching calculated using statistical probabilities to model the binding distribution and allowing complete quenching of only nearest neighbors (sphere of action of radius 3.4 A) [28].

Formation of Volatile Products. When a product of a reaction is volatile it has a tendency to escape from the sphere of action, and the progress of the reaction towards the formation of this product is favored. 

But with the escape of one of the products as a gas, and thereby the removal of this product from the sphere of action, the reverse reaction is eliminated, and the forward reaction is thus enabled to run to completion. 

Whenever we have an interface between a solid and a gas or vapour, the concentration of the gas is higher in the immediate vanity of the solid than it is in the free space beyond. The gas is said to be adsorbed on the solid. The amount of adsorption is defined as the mass of the gas that is actually present within the sphere of action of the solid, less the mass which would be present if the solid exerted no action. This amount is usually referred to 1 gram of the adsorbent, and may be expressed in any convenient units. The commonest being gram-molecules, milligrams, or the volume in cc of the gas would occupy at NTP. The adsorbed substance is called adsorbate and the adsorbing solid the adsorbent. 

These consequences are, that substances act in the compound proportion of the quantity in the sphere of action, and of the affinity with which they are endued that the latter may be compensated by the former, and that the chemical action of each is proportional to the degree of saturation which it produces. I have distinguished by the term chemical mass, or mass, the quantities as determined by an equal degree of saturation, which quantities are consequently relative to their capacity of saturation. ... 

If saturation capacities seemed to promise an easy way of measuring relative affinities, Berthollet tagged on other considerations to complicate the scheme further. He considered liquid as the ideal medium for chemical action, since it allowed the substances to exercise their full power. The quantity of the substances that constituted chemical mass did not necessarily coincide with the amount that was put into the solution, but referred to the effective quantity, or the quantity within the sphere of action. Technically, concentration was more likely to fit... 

It follows from what has been said (No.5), that when a liquid substance acts on another which is solid, or when a precipitate has been formed during the operation, it is not the absolute weight of the liquid that determines the degree of quantity of its action, but the degree of concentration, or mass, within the sphere of action. ""... 

The objective of pharmaceutical care in the community is to participate in health promotion, disease prevention, and education. The declaration also proposes specific spheres of action the rational use of drugs smoking cessation and advice on vaccination, hygiene, family planning, AIDS prevention, ete. Even now, pharmacists have still not fully developed their potential as health agents within this health system, - but the community pharmacy is of specific importance for health promotion (Table 1). 

Thus, adhesion is the sticking together of same or different substances, cohesion is the inner strength of a substance, in this case of the adhesive layer. The sphere of action of adhesive forces is defined as a boundary layer, see also Figure 1.3. 

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