Weight absolute

Several criteria may be used to estimate the quality of control (Stephanopoulos, 1984). One of these is the integral of the time-weighted absolute error (ITAE), where... 

Integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE)... 

If you encounter these functions, you can reformulate them as equivalent smooth functions by introducing additional constraints and variables. For example, consider the problem of fitting a model to n data points by minimizing the sum of weighted absolute errors between the measured and model outputs. This can be formulated as follows ... 

The universal calibration, derived from GPC viscosimetry online coupling, has further confirmed the predicted molecular weights. Absolute verification of this calibration principle, which neglects differences in viscosity of molecules of equal molecular weight but with different architectures, is still underway [16]. 

Increased liver weights (absolute, 32% relative, 36% over respective control values) were observed in male Fischer 344 rats fed di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (2.5% of... 

These are molecular descriptors defined in terms of the weighted absolute central moment of first order, which is a statistical quantity used to measure variability of a distribution around a center. They are defined as... 

In chemical operations we have to deal with three kinds of weight absolute, apparent, and specific. 

Molecular weight Absolute methods end group analysis, membrane osmometry, vapor pressure osmometry, static light scattering, mass spectrometry, sedimentation measurements... 

Process model is known An approximate model of the process may be obtained by the step response test noted earlier (see Section 12.4.2.4) (or from first prindples). When an approximate modd of the process is known we may obtain the tuning parameters directly. We use here the example of the first-order plus dead time process, since its dynamics are so representative of the polymer equipment dynamics. Here we have chosen for the tuning criteria to minimize the integral of the time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) [Eq. (96)] [7]. 

As aU atoms are equivalent, all expansion coefficients c must have the same weight (= absolute value) M, but may differ by a phase factor e ". The phases (p have to be linear in the positions R , as the sum of two consecutive phase shifts must equal the total phase shift Thus,... 

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