Smoking cessation drugs

Covey LS, Classman AH A meta-analysis of double-blind placebo controlled trials of clonidine for smoking cessation. Br J Addict 86 991—998, 1991 Covey LS, Classman AH, Stetner F Naltrexone effects on short-term and long-term smoking cessation.] Addict Dis 18 31 0, 1999 Covey LS, Sullivan MA, Johnston A, et al Advances in non-nicotine pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Drugs 39 17-31, 2000 Dani JA, De Biasi M Cellular mechanisms of nicotine addiction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 70 439 46, 2001... 

An integrated approach of health maintenance (e.g., smoking cessation), drug therapy, and supplemental therapy (e.g., oxygen and pulmonary rehabilitation) should be used in a stepwise manner. 

Kuehn, B.M. FDA speeds smoking cessation drug review. JAMA 8 295(6), 614, 2006. 

Rose JE, Sampson A, Levin ED, Henningfleld JE (1989) Mecamylamine increases nicotine preference and attenuates nicotine discrimination. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 32 933-938 Rose JE, Westman E, Behm F (1996) Nicotine-mecamylamine combination treatment for smoking cessation. Drug Dev Res 38 243-256... 

Levin ED, Behm F, Carnahan E, LeClair R, Shipley R, Rose JE (1993) Clinical trials using ascorbic acid aerosol to aid smoking cessation. Drug Alcohol Depend 33 211-223 Lorillard (1973) Research 1-3-5 year projection of major projects, 02 Nov 1973, Bates 83250679-83250693, http //tobaccodocuments,org/lor/83250679-0693,html Madyastha KM, Siivatsan V (1988) Studies on the metabolism of 1-menthol in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 16 765-772... 

Richmond R, Zwar N (2003) Review of bupropion for smoking cessation. Drug Alcohol Rev 22 203-220... 

Briggs G, Freeman R, Yaffe S Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation A Reference Guide to Maternal and Fetal Risk. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams Wilkins, 2002 Chengappa KN, Kambhampati R, Perkins K, et al Bupropion sustained release as a smoking cessation treatment in remitted depressed patients maintained on neatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 62 503—508, 2001... 

Glover ED, Leischow SJ, Rennard SI, et al A smoking cessation trial with lobeline sulfate a pilot study. Am J Health Behav 22 62-74, 1998 Gourlay SG, Benowitz NL Is clonidine an effective smoking cessation therapy Drugs 50 197-207, 1995... 

Arch Intern Medicine 157 1721—1728, 1997 Hughes JR Non-nicotine pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation. J Drug Dev 6 ... 

Rohsenow DJ, Monti PM, Colby SM, et al Naltrexone treatment for alcoholics effect on cigarette smoking rates. Nicotine Tob Res 5 231-236, 2003 Rose JE, Levin ED Concurrent agonist-antagonist administration for the analysis and treatment of drug dependence. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 41 219—226, 1991 Rose JE, Behm FM, Westman EC, et al Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicontine patch treatment alone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 56 86-99, 1994... 

Lifestyle modifications should always be addressed in the management of ED. A healthy diet, increase in regular physical activity, and weight loss are associated with higher IIED scores and an improvement in erectile function.12 The clinician should recommend smoking cessation, reduction in excessive alcohol intake, and discontinuation of the use of illicit drugs. 

Lerman, C.R.D., Kaufmann, V., Audrain, J., Hawk, L., Liu, A., Niaura, R., Epstein, L. Mediating mechanisms for the impact of bupropion in smoking cessation treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 67 219, 2002. 

Many neurotransmitters are inactivated by a combination of enzymic and non-enzymic methods. The monoamines - dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin (5-HT) - are actively transported back from the synaptic cleft into the cytoplasm of the presynaptic neuron. This process utilises specialised proteins called transporters, or carriers. The monoamine binds to the transporter and is then carried across the plasma membrane it is thus transported back into the cellular cytoplasm. A number of psychotropic drugs selectively or non-selectively inhibit this reuptake process. They compete with the monoamines for the available binding sites on the transporter, so slowing the removal of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. The overall result is prolonged stimulation of the receptor. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine inhibits the transport of both noradrenaline and 5-HT. While the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine block the noradrenaline transporter (NAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT), respectively. Cocaine non-selectively blocks both the NAT and dopamine transporter (DAT) whereas the smoking cessation facilitator and antidepressant bupropion is a more selective DAT inhibitor. 

Bupropion A drug that inhibits the presynaptic neuronal reuptake of both dopamine and noradrenaline which is used as an antidepressant and to prevent relapse following smoking cessation. 

Because total cholesterol is composed of cholesterol derived from LDL, VLDL, and HDL, determination of HDL is useful when total plasma cholesterol is elevated. HDL may be elevated by moderate alcohol ingestion (fewer than two drinks per day), physical exercise, smoking cessation, weight loss, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, and terbutaline. HDL may be lowered by smoking, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and drugs such as /1-blockers. 

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