Spermine detection

The polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine, which are seen at elevated levels in some victims of cancer, were separated on a Technicon (The Technicon Company Chauncey, NY) TSM Amino Acid Analyzer packed with an 8% divinylbenzene-co-polystyrene sulfonated resin with post-column ninhydrin detection.111 Amines such as ethanolamine, noradrenaline, hexamethylene diamine, methoxytryptamine, spermine, and spermidine were separated from amino acids on a DC-4A cation exchange resin.112 A similar approach, using a Beckman Model 121M amino acid analyzer equipped with an AA-20 column, was also successful.113 A Polyamin-pak strong cation exchange column (JASCO) was eluted with a citrate buffer for the detection of putrescene, spermine, cadaverine, and 1,5-diaminohex-ane from rat thymus.114 A post-column o-phthaldehyde detection system was used. 

Kamei et al. [45] separated spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and cadav-erine in an ion-pair reversed-phase LC system and detected the hydrogen peroxide formed in the reaction catalyzed by the enzymes putrescine oxidase and polyamine oxidase with POCL. The same analytes were determined in a later study [46], together with the acetyl derivatives. The sensitive determination of uric acid, selectively converted to hydrogen peroxide by uricase, has been investigated by several authors [37, 47],... 

McDougall, K.J. Lemontt. J.F. (1979) Effects of spermine on the detection of induced forward mutation at the can locus in yeast evidence for selection against canavanine-resistant mutants. Mutat. Res.. 63. 21-34... 

Incidentally, calculated figures for this new DISPIROBINO configuration fit experimental analytical data well (C, 15.93% H, 2.94% N, 18.58% P, 24.65% and Cl, 15.93%). Furthermore, when recording the mass spectrum of the final product up to m/z 900, no peak at m/z 826 (corresponding to the purely N3P3C15 (spermine minus 2 H) C15P3N3 BINO structure) was ever detected, whatever the sensitivity of the instrument. 

Hair may also be an important tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of various disease states. For example, the concentrations of polyamines (e.g., putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in the hair may be helpful in diagnosing and assessing disease activity in women with cervical or ovarian cancer. Assessing the level of polyamines in the hair shaft is preferred to measuring them in plasma and urine because the polyamine levels can vary during the day in plasma and urine. Increased levels of porphyrins in hair have been detected in patients with porphyria... 

Fig. 3-164. Separation of various polyamines. — Separator column IonPac CS1 eluent see Table 3-25 flow rate 0.6 mL/min detection fluorescence after reaction with o-phthaldialdehyde injection volume 20 pL solute concentrations 4.4 ppm putrescine, 5.1 ppm cadaverine, 7.3 ppm spermidine, and 10.1 ppm spermine.

Amorim et al. (1976, 1977) using thin-layer chromatography isolated and identified polyamines from green coffee beans putrescine and spermine. These products are degraded during roasting, except putrescine which could be detected in the light roasted coffee. 

The most commonly applied methods for the analysis of polyamines in erythrocytes make use of amino acid analyzers and HPLC techniques. A capillary gas chromatographic method with nitrogen-phosphorous detection was applied to the simultaneous determination of 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine (Cad), spermidine (Sd), and spermine (Sp) in human erythrocytes. Blood samples, collected by venipuncture into EDTA containing Venoject tubes, were subjected to the removal of plasma by centrifugation and erythrocytes were washed three times with two volumes of 0.9% NaCl. The stability of polyamines in erythrocyte suspensions was also investigated. Quantification of polyamines was done by comparing the peak-area ratio of each analyte and its internal standard with that of the standard. The polyamine samples were eluted with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solutions. The eluate was evaporated to dryness at 120°C under a stream of air and 200 each of acetonitrile and heptafluorobutyric anhydride were added. The isolation of derivatives... 

Lea, R. G., Porat, O., Daya, S., Fujiwara, K., and Clark, D. A. (1991). The detection of spermine and spermidine in human in vitro fertilization supernatants and their relation to early embryo-associated suppressor activity. Fertil. Steril. 56, 771-775. 

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