Spent handling

Since most of a scout s time is spent handling foliage, it became apparent that we Should have included glove analyses in the scout monitoring protocol. While recognized too late for this study, this parameter was incorporated into subsequent surveys. 

The time needed to complete an analysis for a single sample is often fairly similar from method to method. This is somewhat misleading, however, because much of this time is spent preparing the solutions and equipment needed for the analysis. Once the solutions and equipment are in place, the number of samples that can be analyzed per hour differs substantially from method to method. This is a significant factor in selecting a method for laboratories that handle a high volume of samples. 

For the process step involving handling of spent sulfuric acid, several patents have been issued in which improvements in this step were a main claim. The azeotropic nitration of benzene essentially eliminates the need to reconcentrate sulfuric acid (10,11). The nitration step is carried out at higher than usual temperatures (120—160°C). Because excess benzene is used, the higher temperature allows water to be removed as a water—benzene azeotrope. The water is separated and the benzene phase, containing approximately 8% nitrobenzene, is recycled back into the reactor. The dry sulfuric acid is then reused continuously. 

A multipurpose canister (MFC) is planned for the transportation, storage, and disposal of spent fuel, minimising the amount of handling requited. 

Improved feedstock pretreatment is important to minimize catalyst consumption and reduce subsequent spent-catalyst handling requirements. Selective hydrogenation of dienes can be used to reduce acid consumption, both in HF and H2SO4 alkylation (29). More effective adsorptive treating systems have been appHed to remove oxygen-containing contaminants that are frequently introduced in upstream processing steps. 

The NRC has developed special procedures for the handling, transportation, and storage of nuclear fuel because radioactivity can be a health hazard if not properly shielded. Spent fuel is typically transported by rail or tmck in heavily shielded (Type B), sealed, thick metal shipping containers designed to withstand possible accidents, such as derailments or coHisions, which may occur during transport. The NRC certifies that each shipping container meets federal requirements. The U.S. Department of Transportation sets the rules for transportation. 

In the gas cleaning sections of spent acid or metaUurgical sulfuric acid plants, the weak acid scmbbing circuit is typicaUy handled by plastic or glass fiber reinforced plastic (ERP) pipe. The contaminants in weak acid usuaUy vary too greatly to aUow use of an economical aUoy. 

Activated carbon generally presents no particular health hazard as defined by NIOSH (62). However, it is a nuisance and mild irritant with respect to inhalation, skin contact, eye exposure, and ingestion. On the other hand, special consideration must be given to the handling of spent carbon that may contain a concentration of toxic compounds. 

Aluminum. Eor aluminum alloys such as 1100 and 3003 only a cleaning operation is necessary before apphcation of enamel. Eor ahoy 6061, deoxidation and alkaline-chromate pretreatment processes may also be used to improve both the cleanliness of the surface and the development of enamel adherence. The spent chromium-containing solutions can present disposal problems and should be handled in accordance with existing regulations (19). 

Acid sludge storage and shipping Spent caustic handling Doctor treating... 

NOTE - Petrochemical plants also generate significant amounts of solid wastes and sludges, some of which may be considered hazardous because of the presence of toxic organics and heavy metals. Spent caustic and other hazardous wastes may be generated in significant quantities examples are distillation residues associated with units handling acetaldehyde, acetonitrile, benzyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, cumene, phthallic anhydride, nitrobenzene, methyl ethyl pyridine, toluene diisocyanate, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, perchloro-ethylene, aniline, chlorobenzenes, dimethyl hydrazine, ethylene dibromide, toluenediamine, epichlorohydrin, ethyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, and vinyl chloride. 

The main drawback to nuclear power is the production of radioactive waste. Spent fuel from a nuclear reactor is considered a high-level radioactive waste, and remains radioactive for a veiy long time. Spent fuel consists of fission products from the U-235 and Pu-239 fission process, and also from unspent U-238, Pu-240, and other heavy metals produced during the fuel cycle. That is why special programs exist for the handling and disposal of nuclear waste. 

The spent acid from trinitration has also been the cause of several disasters, although it had been considered safe to handle. The most noteworthy example of this occurred in the Reinsdorf factory in Germany in 1935. The hot spent acid flowed down to open iron tanks, where, as the liquid cooled, a mixture of di- and tri-nitrotoluenes rose to the surface. It was skimmed off from time to time and transferred to a washing tank, where it was washed with water. On skimming, a rubber glove and a sheif left bn the brim of the tank with some... 

Handling of Spent Nuclear Fuel and Final Storage of Vitrified High Level Reprocessing Waste" KambrSnslesakerhet Stockholm, 1977. 

Another issue with line mentoring relationships is that bosses have a vested interest in maintaining a level of superiority over their staff, and hence genuine professional growth in the mentee can be perceived (and handled) as a threat. The risk to the boss is that the mentee s competence will undermine the mentor, or enable the mentee to seek a better position elsewhere. In either case, the underlying belief on the part of the boss might be that time spent mentoring is wasted time. 

The first is the story of the high school physics teacher who came down with a strange illness eventually diagnosed as mercury poisoning. The cause Over the years, minute amounts of this metal had been spilled in the poorly ventilated lecture room. The students suffered no ill effects since they spent so little time there. Fortunately, the teacher recovered, the room was completely refurbished, and strict rules were introduced concerning the handling of mercury. 

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