Units of measure spelling out

Rule 2 Spell out units of measure if they do not follow a numeral. 

Spell out units of measure that do not follow a number. Do not capitalize them unless they are at the beginning of a sentence or in a title. 

Do not use a slash (/) in spelled-out units of measure. Use the word per . Results are reported in meters per second. 

Rule 9 Abbreviate units of measure when they follow a number. Without a number, spell them out ... 

A list of ACS-recommended abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols is given in Appendix 10-2. Check the list to find an abbreviation. If no abbreviation is listed for the term you are using, you may devise an abbreviation provided that (1) it is not identical to an abbreviation of a unit of measure, (2) it will not be confused with the symbol of an element or a group, (3) it does not hamper the reader s understanding, and (4) you do not use the same abbreviation for more than one spelled-out form. 

When a sentence starts with a specific quantity, spell out the number as well as the unit of measure. 

Do not mix abbreviations and spelled-out units within units of measure. 

Exception Spell out numbers with units of measure used in a nontechnical sense. 

With items other than units of time or measure, use words for cardinal numbers less than 10 use numerals for 10 and above. Spell out ordinals first through ninth use numerals for 10th or greater. 

Nowadays a drug company has not only to show its paymasters - governments, insurers and so on - that its new prodnct is safe and works, but also that it is cost-effective. In Anstralia, this has been spelled out in legislation. Since 1993, any drng submitted for approval must be accompanied not only by the resnlts of clinical trials bnt also by an economic impact analysis. In 1999, the United Kingdom set np a National Institnte for Clinical Excellence (NICE) to advise the National Health Service on the cost-effectiveness of health care technologies. Other countries ask formally or informally for pharmacoeconomic analysis. Economic impacts can be measured in a variety of ways, for example, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility or full cost-benefit stndies. 

Most laboratory analysis methods (see Section 1.8.1) measure concentration. The choice of units for concentration depends on the medium, on the process that is being measured or described, and sometimes on custom and tradition. In water, a common expression of concentration is mass of chemical per unit volume of water, which has dimensions of [M/ . The letters M, L, and T in square brackets refer to the fimdamental dimensions of mass, length, and time (see Appendix). Many naturally occurring chemicals in water are present at levels of a few milligrams per liter (mg/liter). For clarity in this book, specific units, such as (cm/hr) or (g/m ), either are free-standing or are indicated in parentheses, not in square brackets. Note that the word "liter" is always spelled out in this text, to avoid confusion with the abbreviation [L] for the fundamental dimension length. 

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