Speed modulator

One method of volume variations is by speed modulation. Another, more common method, is the use of clearance pockets, with or without valve unloading. With clearance pockets, the cylinder performance is modified. With valve unloading, one or more inlet valves are physically open. Capacity may be regulated in a single- or double-acting cylinder with single or multiple cylinder configuration. 

Historically, the most popular driver for the centrifugal compressor has been the steam turbine. Steam turbines can readily be speed matched to the compressor. Prior to the upsurge in energy costs, reliability, simplicity, and operational convenience were the primary factors in driver selection. The steam turbine, with its ability to operate over a relatively wide speed range, was ideal for the centrifugal compressor, which could be matched to the process load by speed modulation. 

The use of high-speed modulated excitation (f> kr + knr) combined with coherent detection methods has resulted in the popular techniques of frequency domain fluorometry, also known as phase-modulation fluorometry. These techniques can be used to determine the temporal characteristics of both fluorescence and phosphorescence and will also be addressed later in this chapter. 

Find the equations that are necessary to solve the response of a small electrode to a rotation speed modulation. 

K. Tokuda, S. Bruckenstein, and B. Miller, "The Frequency Response of Limiting Currents to Sinusoidal Speed Modulation at a Rotating Disk Electrode," Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 122 (1975) 1316-1322. 

Since the two limits of fast modulation (homogeneous) or slow modulation (inhomogeneous) do not strictly apply to single-component liquids, we will examine more closely the case of intermediate-speed modulation. Considering a Gaussian modulation cu(t), for which C(t) is given exactly by Eq. (84),... 

Boiler controls have seen the most important improvements in recent years. In the past boiler controls were limited to adjust feed water temperatures and monitor flame operation by the implementation of specific safefy sensors like flame, temperature and pressure sensors. Today boiler controls integrate more and more functions three-way valve, pumps, external heat storage, solar panel controls, and so on. In more advanced utility boilers, thermal power is modulated through fan speed modulation. Air-fuel ratio is controlled by an ionization... 

Linear materials are used primarily for high-speed modulation of the intensity, amplitude, phase, frequency, or direction of a light beam. Quadratic materials are used principally for light valves and shutters. 

In travelling wave Mach-Zehnder high speed modulators the bandwidth is limited by the loss of the several centimeter long micro-strip line [130]. On the other... 

J. M. Hammer and W. Phillips, Low-Loss Single-Mode Optical Waveguides and Efficient High-Speed Modulators of LiNbxTai-xOa on LiTaOa, Applied Phys. Lett., 24, p. 545 (1974). 

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