High speed and efficiency

D. DNA replication is regulated as a balance between high speed and efficiency (pro-cessivity) and the need for high fidelity. 

In spite of the high speed and efficiency of capillary electrochromatography, the Pirkle-type CSPs could not be used frequently for chiral resolution purposes. Only a few reports are available on this issue. Cavender et al. [167] and Wolf et al. 

The main method of analysis of monoterpenoids in essential oils is a capillary gas chromatography. Due to the high volatility of monoterpenoids and the high speed and efficiency of the capillary gas-chromatography it is applied nowadays as the most universal method for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of monoterpenoids mixtures. 

With further development It Is likely that a HPLC method will be able to separate complex mixtures of amino acid Isomers. The high speed and efficiency of HPLC, coupled with the ability to run samples without prior derlvatlzatlon would be an Ideal situation. The likelihood that such a method could be scaled up for commercial preparation of pure Isomers Is also a strong Impetus for Its successful development. 

The detector in the SEM that is normally used for imaging is the Everhart-Thornley scintillator/photomultiplier (E-T detector). This is a low-noise, high-speed and efficient detector that detects a small fraction of the... 

Free-Electron Lasers. The free-electron laser (EEL) directly converts the kinetic energy of a relativistic electron beam into light (45,46). Relativistic electron beams have velocities that approach the speed of light. The active medium is a beam of free electrons. The EEL, a specialized device having probably limited appHcations, is a novel type of laser with high tunabiHty and potentially high power and efficiency. 

Electrodriven techniques are useful as components in multidimensional separation systems due to their unique mechanisms of separation, high efficiency and speed. The work carried out by Jorgenson and co-workers has demonstrated the high efficiencies and peak capacities that are possible with comprehensive multidimensional electrodriven separations. The speed and efficiency of CZE makes it possibly the best technique to use for the final dimension in a liquid phase multidimensional separation. It can be envisaged that multidimensional electrodriven techniques will eventually be applied to the analysis of complex mixtures of all types. The peak capacities that can result from these techniques make them extraordinarily powerful tools. When the limitations of one-dimensional separations are finally realized, and the simplicity of multidimensional methods is enhanced, the use of multidimensional electrodriven separations may become more widespread. 

Another important consideration for marine propeller design is cavitation, the rapid formation and then collapse of vacuum pockets on the blade surface at high speed, and its contributions to losses in propulsive efficiency. The phenomenon can cause serious damage to the propeller by eroding the blade surface and creating high frequency underwater noise. Cavitation first became a serious problem in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries... 

A broad spectrum of enzymes and fermentation systems has already become available to the industry, and the number is increasing all the time. Biotech development has also picked up speed it can now take a matter of weeks rather than years to develop new, highly specific and efficient enzymes. Until recently, slow development hindered the use of enzymes in pharmaceutical production. Now DSM s Pharmaceutical Product Unit, for example, is exploiting them systematically as a competitive advantage. Enzymes are also becoming more resistant to harsh environments such as heat and acidity, and are cheaper to produce, making inroads into other industrial production processes such as pulp and paper, oil exploration, and textile processing. 

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