Speech and language

Dysarthria A disturbance of speech and language due to emotional stress, to brain injury, or to paralysis, incoordination, or spasticity of the muscles used for speaking. 

In early-onset OCD, comorbid psychiatric disorders are present in about 80% of the cases. Major depression is seen in approximately 66% attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), or multiple anxiety disorders in 50% and enuresis or speech and language disorders in 33%... 

Nicoison, R., Lenane, M., Singaracharlu, S., Malaspina, D., Giedd, J.N., Hamburger, S.D., Gochman, P., Bedwell, J., Thaker, G.K., Fernandez, T, Wudarsky, M., Hommer, D.W., and Rapoport, J.L. (2000c) Premorbid speech and language impairments in childhood-onset schizophrenia association with risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 157 794-800. 

The clinical presentation of EOS comprises cognitive symptoms, emotional symptoms, and changes in social functioning, disturbances of speech and language, and motor disturbances. 

Frontotemporal dementia Approximately 10% of dementias. Initial complaint is often personality changes. Disinhibition withdrawal apathy hyperoral behavior (including weight gain) compulsions memory problems speech and language difficulty. Familial cases have approximately 40% autosomal dominant inheritance and may develop signs of Parkinson s disease. 

Hinds NP, Wiles CM (1998). Assessment of swallowing and referral to speech and language therapists in acute stroke. 

Teele DW, Klein JO, Chase C, et al. Otitis media in infancy and intellectual ability, school achievement, speech, and language at age 7 years. J Infect Dis 1990 162 685-694. 

Lai C. S D. Gerrelli, A. P. Monaco, S. E. Fisher, A. J. Copp. 2003. FOXP2 expression during brain development coincides with adult sites of pathology in a severe speech and language disorder. Brain 126, 2455-2462. 

Fisher, S. C J. A. Hurst, F. Varga-Khadem, and A. P. Monaco. 2001. A forhhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413, 519-523. 

Since speech and language acquisition develop relatively late in children, separating prenatal and postnatal effects on their development is often impossible. Known factors include the general social effects of poverty combined with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, producing deficits in children in language performance.28 Other factors common in a poverty environment and known to affect language performance are prenatal exposure to cocaine and tobacco.29... 

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2006). Screening for Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children Recommendation Statement. Originally in Pediatrics 2006 117 497—501. February 2006. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http // www.ahrq.gov/ clinic/ uspstfo6/speech/ speechrs. htm... 

In fact, my prediction is that just the opposite will occur, and the field of linguistics will sooner or later cease to exist in its current form, and that the rigourous experimental, data-driven, formal, mathematical and statistical techniques developed in speech and language technology will be adopted and start to provide the answers to many of the long... 

Acero, a. Source filter models for time-scale pitch-scale modification of speech. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech and Language Processing 1998 (1998). 

Black, A. W., and Hunt, A. J. Generation FO contours fi om ToBI labels using linear regression. In Computer Speech and Language (1996). 

Breen, A. R, and Jackson, P. A phonologically motivated method of selecting non-uniform imits. In International Conference on Speech and Language Processing (1998). 

BULT, M., Busso, C., Tildim, S., Kazemzadeh, a., Lee, C. M., Lee, S., and Narayanan, S. Investigating the role of phoneme-level modifications in emotional speech resynthesis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech and Language Processing 2002 (2002). 

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