Spectroscopy on the Web

Study the Basics of NMR spectroscopy Introduction, Math Background, Fourier Transforms, Practical Considerations. 

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Lochmuler, C. Atomic Spectroscopy—Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Sand with a Statistical Treatment of Measurements published on the web at http //www.chem.duke.edu/ clochmul/exp4/exp4.html. 

Although the coining of the term metabolomics has been relatively new, an explosion of publications has occurred in this field plus a realization that many researchers already were doing similar studies, albeit without an -omic tag before the word. It has not been possible to review all the applications of metabolomics fully, and the applications will increase. In addition to the development of new applications, the development of the analytical approaches will also take center stage as researchers push back the limits of detection of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and other analytical approaches. In addition to these wet lab developments, both the pattern recognition approaches used to process metabolomics and the metabolomic databases used to identify metabolites need to be developed or expanded. In this respect, an excellent place to start on the arduous journey to biomarker discovery through metabolomics is the current metabolomic databases found on the web that make standard spectra freely available (68-70). 

See, for instance, C. D. Wagner, NIST X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 1, U.S. Dept, of Commerce, NIST, 1989, available on diskette. Version 2 is now available on the Web site http //srdata.nisLgov/xps/. 

X-ray diffractometry are also widely used for structure determination. With the notable exception of X-ray diffractometry, unequivocal definition of a structure is seldom possible by performing only a single type of spectroscopic analysis rather, a combination of different analyses is generally required. We emphasize IR and NMR spectroscopy (Sec. 8.2 and 8.3, respectively) in this textbook because the necessary instrumentation is more commonly available to students in the introductory organic laboratory course. However, in addition to these spectroscopic techniques, UV-Vis spectroscopy (Sec. 8.4) and MS (Sec. 8.5) will be discussed because of their importance to the practice of organic chemistry. You can find a number of invaluable resources and spectral databases on the Web. 

For information on the analysis of surfaces by IR radiation instead of electrons, a complimentary technique known as reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), see (a) http //www.uksaf.org/tech/rairs.html (b)http //www.cem.msu.edu/ cem924sg/Topicll.pdf For example, the development of fibers/fabrics that will actively adsorb and surface deactivate chemical and biological warfare agents — of increasing importance as new modes of terrorist activity continue to emerge. For more information, see (a) http //web.mit.edu/isn/(Institute of Soldier Nanotechnologies at M.I.T.). (b) Richards, V. N. Vohs, J. K. Williams, G. L. Fahlman, B. D. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2005,88,1973. 

An extensive product review of recent NIR technology was published by Noble. Enormous progress has been achieved in chemometrics and computing power, making many new applications possible. There are dozens of manufacturers of NIR spectrophotometers in the United States. There are many vendors of sampling components and software packages for data analysis. Research data of the most recent instrumentation and software are available directly on the World Wide Web, as most manufacturers maintain a Web site. There are numerous Internet sites that provide links to professional spectroscopy societies, publishers of spectroscopy journals, and patents related to pharmaceutical uses of NIR. 

Klebsiella pneumonia KYCC 4352, co//ATCC10536, and . aureus ATCC 6538 were the three different bacteria with gram-postive and gram-negative characteristics that were selected to determine the antimicrobial activity of nanofibrous webs made from PVP/ CTAB salt. A detailed chemical characterization was performed on the produced nanofibrous webs by carrying out Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR], ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis], and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS] measurements. ... 

Therefore, it is not surprising that laser spectroscopy has become an indispensable tool in research fields as far apart as studying the fundamental photochemistry of anionic species on the femtosecond and picosecond time-scales, or exploring the properties of complex species and clusters important to the understanding of atmospheric processes influencing our environment. Thus, when browsing the Web one invariably encounters topical description of research activities like ... 

So what is spectroscopy This is my definition derived from several sources, mainly Hawley s Condensed Chemical Dictionary. SLIDE I had to laugh at one web site that I discovered on the history of spectroscopy. The first event was God Said let there be light . 

The School of Crystallography from the Birkbeck College at the University of London maintains a very interesting Internet service called DichroWeb at http //www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/cdweb/html/homeJitinl. Here, users may submit their CD data which are subsequently analyzed using any of the popular algorithms CONTIN/LL, SELCON3, CDSSTR, VARSELEC, and k2d. The web interface can import binary data from all major CD spectrometers. The website is a rich source of information on CD spectroscopy, with many actual links to downloadable software. 

In this chapter we briefly discuss the potential of the microbial food web as a source and sink for FDOM and examine how the fluorescence characteristics change as a result of microbial processing. In addition, the combined effects of microbial and photochemical degradation on FDOM characteristics are summarized. The literature on the subject is vastly expanding and it is not our aim to provide an exhaustive review but rather to highlight specific studies as examples of how fluorescence spectroscopy is being applied to studying the microbial turnover of DOM in natural aquatic enviromnents. 

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