Specific gravity concept

Head. The tme meaning of the total developed pump head, H, is the amount of energy received by the unit of mass per unit of time (14). This concept is traceable to compressors and fans, where engineers operate with enthalpy, a close relation to the concept of total energy. However, because of the almost incompressible nature of Hquids, a simplification is possible to reduce enthalpy to a simpler form, a Bernoulli equation, as shown in equations 1—3, where g is the gravitational constant, SG is specific gravity, y is the density equivalent, is suction head, is discharge head, and H is the pump head, ie, the difference between H, and H. 

Subsequently, E. W. Hilgard took up the cause of soil chemistry. He carried out research using data from King and others in order to find a chemical characterization of soil that would differentiate between productive and unproductive soils. Additionally, soils were extracted with acids of various strengths as indicated by their specific gravity. Results of this type of extraction were expected to indicate the long-term productivity of a particular soil. Also during this time, the concept of a minimum level of a particular component,... 

The Westphal specific gravity balance is a device that will measure the specific gravity directly if water is one of the liquids. It applies two concepts ... 

Density is always introduced sometime in the early weeks of the first-year chemistry course. Traditional laboratory experiments have students determining the density of water or ethanol. Teachers usually set up a density column with various liquids and solids to demonstrate differences in density. Why not substitute Densities for this experiment It has directions on setting up a polymer density column, and the students can use part one of the experiment to understand the concept of density. This can be a second density experiment after the traditional experiment. The students can be presented with the solutions of various densities and several samples of known polymers and an unknown polymer. (Some scientific supply companies sell polymer samples to be used for specific gravity experiments. Used in density experiments, they eliminate the problems of floating or air bubbles.) Ask students how density would be used to sort the polymer samples. This can be a more open-ended experiment and may prove somewhat challenging but would be excellent, especially for honors students. 

For the specific case of a naphtha of specific gravity = 0.713 and an atmospheric gas oil with specific gravity di s 0.841, a Linde study compares the performance obtained in the same fiimace with these two feedstocks, at different treatment severities, a concept defined in this case by the weight ratio of the propylene to ethylene produced (Fig. ZIO). 

The specific gravity of a material is defined as the ratio of the density of the material to the density of water (2). If this concept is broadened to incorporate the parameter of basic density, another term is obtained basic specific gravity, which is defined as ... 

For the development of this tool, it was expected that paraffinic cuts will have lower densities (and specific gravities) than naphthenic ones of about the same distillation range. The VGC concept arose from semilog plots of Saybolt viscosities at 100°F versus specific gravities (Figure 4.1) for a series of distillate cuts from different crude sources. Similar patterns were evidently present for fractions from different crudes. 

The objective of this chapter is to introduce the concept of mass and mass related quantities encountered in engineering. We will begin by discussing the building blocks of all matter, atoms and molecules. We will then introduce the concept of mass in terms of a quantitative measure of the amount of atoms possessed by a substance. We will then define and discuss other mass-related engineering quantities, such as density, specific gravity, mass moment of inertia, momentum, and massflow rate. In this chapter, we tvill also consider conservation of mass and its application in en neering. 

Washability is a concept that exploits the differences that exist between the specific gravity of different coals and the associated minerals as a basis for predicting the yields and qualities of the products obtained for any given partition density (Mazumdar et al., 1992 Ryan, 1992). Washability... 

Fundamental Concepts of Physics Density, Specific Gravity, Pressure... 

In Chapter 4, it was clearly explained that the difference in density (or specific gravity) between the carried solids and the carrier liquid was an important parameter in friction loss calculations. This is, in basic terms, the concept of using a heavy medium (water and magnetite) as a carrier for coarse solids. 

The minimum injection rate also depends on the ball density relative to the acid. Ball densities typically vary from about 0.9 specific gravity (s.g.) to about 1.4 s.g. Ball sealers with densities less than 1.0 s.g. are called buoyant hall sealers ot floaters. Newer ball sealer products are of the floater or neutral density variety. The concept was developed at Exxon. Ball sealers with specific gravities greater than water or acid (>1.1 s.g.) are called sinkers for obvious reasons. Older ball sealers are of the sinker variety. 

This base vector is sufficient to model a FCC unit that processes a single type of feed at fixed operating conditions. However, most FCC units do not operate this fashion. They accept multiple feed with varying composition and may operate at different conditions. To account for variations in feed composition, the concept of the DELTA vector is useful. Every attribute (specific gravity concarbon, sulfur content, etc.) of the feed that can affect the yield of the unit has its own DELTA vector. The DELTA vector can be thought of a slope that modifies the base yield of each product. If we consider the specific gravity (SPG) of the feed as an attribute that can change the product yields, we can now rewrite the yield equation as ... 

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