Specific Design Guidance Process

Some specific design guidance is given for pressure and flow control, gas holder control, burner control, fire and gas detection and process shutdown systems. 

Process workers often complain that valves are inaccessible. Emergency valves should always be readily accessible but other valves, if they are operated, say, once a year or less often, can be out of reach. It is reasonable to expect workers to get a ladder or scramble into a pipe trench at this frequency. Designers should remember that if a valve is just within reach of an average person then half of the population cannot reach it. Equipment should be placed such that at least 95% of the population can reach it. Guidance on specific measurements to achieve this objective is available in a number of standard human factors textbooks (see Bibliography). 

Absorption is the process for which most is known about the influence of specific chemical properties. Nichols et al. [56] reviewed the literature and summarized the chemical properties and approaches to their assessment that appear to dominate adsorption (and metabolism) processes in fish. These properties and predictive tools could be used as guidance in the design of compounds with the potential for reduced likelihood of ecological effects, specifically bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. 

Ail answers to process design questions cannot be put into a book. Even at this late date in the development of the chemical industry, it is common to hear authorities on most kinds of equipment say that their equipment can be properly fitted to a particular task only on the basis of some direct laboratory and pilot plant work. Nevertheless, much guidance and reassurance are obtainable from general experience and specific examples of successful applications, which this book attempts to provide. Much of the information is supplied in numerous tables and figures, which often deserve careful study quite apart from the text. 

This book is intended to provide guidance specifically to those students who are enrolled in IChemE accredited courses, and are about to commence the design project. Those same students will also find this book useful when they are studying earlier units in Plant and Process Design reference to this text will illustrate how certain topics are to be applied during the design project. However, other students in courses not accredited by the IChemE (specifically in the USA) should also find this text useful when studying similar course units. 

For example, the UK s Chief Inspector s Guidance to Inspectors Process Guidance Note IPR 5/3 requires new municipal solid waste incinerators to be designed to the following specifications ... 

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