SPE

Rabiner L R 1989. A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Spe Recognition. Fhroceedings cf the IEEE TI-lSl-19rB. 

In the presence of a double bond at a suitable position, the CO insertion is followed by alkene insertion. In the intramolecular reaction of 552, different products, 553 and 554, are obtained by the use of diflerent catalytic spe-cies[408,409]. Pd(dba)2 in the absence of Ph,P affords 554. PdCl2(Ph3P)3 affords the spiro p-keto ester 553. The carbonylation of o-methallylbenzyl chloride (555) produced the benzoannulated enol lactone 556 by CO, alkene. and CO insertions. In addition, the cyclobutanone derivative 558 was obtained as a byproduct via the cycloaddition of the ketene intermediate 557[4I0]. Another type of intramolecular enone formation is used for the formation of the heterocyclic compounds 559[4l I]. The carbonylation of the I-iodo-1,4-diene 560 produces the cyclopentenone 561 by CO. alkene. and CO insertions[409,4l2]. 

On the basis of the general mechanism for acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis shown in Figure 20 4 write an analogous sequence of steps for the spe cific case of ethyl benzoate hydrolysis... 

Extract-Clean SPE Sample Preparation Guide Volume I, Bulletin No. 83, Alltech Associates, Inc. 

F. W. Moor, Molybdenum Compounds as Smoke Suppressants for Polyvinyl Chloride, Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE ANTEC), Montreal, Canada, 1977. 

E. Termine and K. G. Taylor, "A New Intumescent Flame Retardant Additive for Thermoplastics and Thermosets," n Additive Approaches to PolymerModification, SPE RETEC Conference Papers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sept. 1989. 

The successfiil synthesis of a transparent soHd polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on PEO and alkoxysilanes has been reported (41). The material possessed good mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity (around 1.8 x 10 S/cm at 25°C) dependent on the organic—inorganic ratio and PEO chain length. 

Proceedings SPE Uinyl RETEC, Neir Brunsmck, N.]., Sept. 29-Oct. 1, 1992, Society of Plastics Engineers, Stamford, Coim., pp. 33—82. 

Three types of electrochemical water-spHtting processes have been employed (/) an aqueous alkaline system (2) a soHd polymer electrolyte (SPE) and (J) high (700—1000°C) temperature steam electrolysis. The first two systems are used commercially the last is under development. 

Solid Polymer E,kctroljte. The electrolyte in soHd polymer electrolyte (SPE) units is Nafion, a soHd polymer developed by Du Pont, which has sulfonic acid groups attached to the polymer backbone. Electrodes are deposited on each side of the polymer sheet. H" ions produced at the anode move across the polymer to the cathode, and produce hydrogen. The OH ions at the anode produce oxygen. These units have relatively low internal resistances and can operate at higher temperatures than conventional alkaline electrolysis units. SPE units are now offered commercially. 

Eig. 6. Comparison of current density and cell voltage characteristics of the electrolysis systems where lines A and B represent steam electrolysis and the use of SPE, respectively, the conventional KOH water electrolysis, and, 2ero-gap cell geometry employing 40% KOH, at 120—140°C. 

Nuclear-Based Process. Hydrogea productioa based oa the use of dedicated auclear facihtates has beea described (175). Efftcieacy of 43%, 50% for the auclear heat-to-hydrogea eaergy coaversioa, is claimed. The process uses an acycHc a-c generator and SPE electroly2ers. 

Fig. 11. Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) fuel cell (a) cell design and (b) power curve at 25°C.

M. D. Stevenson, W. V. Piac2ewski, and R. A. Downey, paper presented at the SPE Gas Technology Symposium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 28, 1993. 

E. L. BurweU and I. A. Jacobson, Jr., "Concurrent Gasification and Retorting of Oil Shale—a Dual Energy Source," Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting, SPE 5535, Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), AIME, Denver, Colo., Apr. 7—9, 1975. 

K. E. Jacobson and R. Eller, Proceedingsfrom SPE Polyolefins TTII International Conference, 1993, p. 494. 

---