Sparks, production

The following composition illustrates the use of steel hlings for wire sparklers (the salient features of spark production having been discussed during the considerations in the preceding chapter). 

FIGURE 1-33 Abiotic production of biomolecules. Spark-discharge apparatus of the type used by Miller and Urey in experiments demonstrating abiotic formation of organic compounds under primitive atmospheric conditions. After subjection of the gaseous contents of the system to electrical sparks, products were collected by condensation. Biomolecules such as amino acids were among the products. 

There are times when spark production is undesirable. For example, in signal flares the production of sparks is a visual distraction, and the wasted energy means less light output is produced for a given weight of composition. 

Generaiiy spark production can be avoided by doing the reverse of those thins that heip produce sparks. Factors tending to eiiminate sparks ... 

This exercise enhances the dialogue among the faculty, increasing shared awareness of the aims of the whole curriculum as well as the roles and responsibilities of each course. Development routes for disciplinary and professional skills learning outcomes are made visible to everyone. The exercise makes it easier to contact a colleague to discuss actions when they address problems where there is common agreement. Benefits of this exercise increase when the findings are well documented. Experience shows that this exercise can spark productive discussions, and it is well worth it to allocate an extended block of time to benefit fully from this exercise. 

The way the chemist knows that she has methylamine and not ammonium chloride is that she compares the look of the two types of crystals. Ammonium chloride crystals that come from this reaction are white, tiny and fuzzy. The methylamine hydrochloride crystals are longer, more crystalline in nature and are a lot more sparkly. The chemist leaves the methylamine crystals in the Buchner funnel of the vacuum filtration apparatus and returns the filtrate to the distillation set up so it can be reduced one last time to afford a second crop. The combined methylamine hydrochloride filter cake is washed with a little chloroform, scraped into a beaker of hot ethanol and chilled. The methylamine hydrochloride that recrystallizes in the cold ethanol is vacuum filtered to afford clean, happy product (yield=50%). 

All methods of plasma production require some electrons to be present as electric-discharge initiators. For a plasma torch, the initiating electrons are introduced from a piezoelectric spark directed into argon gas flowing in the interval between two concentric quartz tubes. 

Hot surfaces and electric sparks are potential ignition sources for carbon disulfide. The ignition temperature depends on specific conditions, and values from 90 to 120°C in air have been reported (2,22). Data on carbon disulfide oxidation and combustion have been summarized (18). Oxidation products ate generally sulfur dioxide [7446-09-5] and carbon dioxide [124-58-9J ... 

For a point spark source, the flame volume is initially spherical and the critical ignition volume is determined by calculating the rate of change of flame volume with respect to radius compared to the rate of change of volume of the combustion products (eq. 

Sparking The production of sparks occurs under certain conditions on electrostatic precipitators. 

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