Spark source mass internal

Precision expressed as 95% confidence intervals Spark source mass spectrometry, internal standard method From [735]... 

Shand CA, Aggett PJ and Ure AM (1985) The spark-source mass spectrometric determination of the trace element composition of human foetal livers. In Mills R, et al., ed. Trace elements in man and animals. — TEMA 5, pp. 642—645. Proceedings, 5th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals. 

Table 4. Concentrations of some metals in animal blood determined by spark source mass spectrometry. Comparison of the concentration ranges of some elements obtain by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with values from mammalian animal blood as reported by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Commission (UKAEC) ...

P. J. Paulsen, R. Alvarez, and C. W. Mueller, Spark source mass spectrographic analysis of ingot iron for Ag, Cu, Mo, and Ni by isotope dilution and for Co by an internal standard technique, Anal. Chem. 42, 673-675 (1970). 

Spark source (SSMS) and thermal emission (TEMS) mass spectrometry are used to determine ppb to ppm quantities of elements in energy sources such as coal, fuel oil, and gasoline. Toxic metals—cadmium, mercury, lead, and zinc— may be determined by SSMS with an estimated precision of 5%, and metals which ionize thermally may be determined by TEMS with an estimated precision of 1% using the isotope dilution technique. An environmental study of the trace element balance from a coal-fired steam plant was done by SSMS using isotope dilution to determine the toxic metals and a general scan technique for 15 other elements using chemically determined iron as an internal standard. In addition, isotope dilution procedures for the analysis of lead in gasoline and uranium in coal and fly ash by TEMS are presented. 

In spark ablation, a spark at constant density is obtained in a matter of seconds, and thus, particularly in the case of small spark chambers, prebum times are accordingly low. In plasma emission as well as in plasma mass spectrometry a linear dynamic range of more than four orders of magnitude can be obtained and RSDs are a few percent in the case of absolute measurements. However, as shown by the results in Table 6, they can easily fall to below 1%, when using an internal standard element (Fe in the case of steel samples). The matrix effects from the sampling source are low, as will be shown in combination with ICP-OES (see Refs. [242, 248]). They are lower than in arc ablation, as here differences stemming from the thermal volatility of the elements and their compounds play a lesser role. The... 

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