Spark Source Mass Spectrometr

Moody JR, Paulsen PF. 1988. Isotope dilution spark-source mass spectrometric determination of total mercury in botanical and biological samples. Analyst 113(6) 923-927. 

Shand CA, Aggett PJ and Ure AM (1985) The spark-source mass spectrometric determination of the trace element composition of human foetal livers. In Mills R, et al., ed. Trace elements in man and animals. — TEMA 5, pp. 642—645. Proceedings, 5th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals. 

Wiedemann, B., Bethge, K., Schiitze, W, Lambert, U., Pahlke, S., Reinhold, T., Weinert, B., Flade, T. (1994) Radiofrequency spark source mass spectrometric analysis of oxygen in undoped siUcon crystals and of carbon in undoped and carbon doped gallium arsenide crystals. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 350, 319-322. 

Wiedemann,B.,RadUnger, G.,Alt, H.C., Heumann, K.G., Bethge, K. (1999) Spark source mass spectrometric assessment of boron and nitrogen concentrations in crystalline gallium arsenide. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 364,772—776. 

In the course of the late 1970s new mass spectrometric methods, which made use of the plasma sources known from optical atomic spectrometry came into use. They will be treated in detail and consist in particular of ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS), which have contributed to a considerable portion of the progress that has been made in elemental analysis as compared with spark source mass spectrometry. 

Uee am (1988b) Spark source mass spectrometry for the analysis of natural waters. In Butler LRP and Strasheim A, section editors. Atomic-, mass-, X-ray-spectrometric methods, electron paramagnetic and luminescence methods. In West TS and Niirnberg HW, eds. The determination of trace metals in natural waters. Section 2, pp. 105-108. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 

As the name implies, this is a mass spectrometric technique. The principle of mass spectrometry can be explained briefly with the aid of Figure 4.12, showing the diagram of a double-focusing instrument that is the type used in spark source mass spectrometry. 

I ID Spark Source Mass Spectrometry 299 HE Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry 300 UF Other Mass Spectrometric Methods 301 Questions and Problems 301... 

Table 11-1 list-s the most important types of atomic mass spectrometry. Historically, thermal ionization mass spectrometry and spark source mass spectrometry were the first mass spectrometric methods developed for qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis, and these types of procedures still find applications, although they are now overshadowed by some of the other methods listed in Table 11-1, particularly inductively coupled plasma mass. spectrometry (fCPMS). 

The analytical chemistry of rare earths has been reviewed by Banks and Klingman (1961), Loriers (1964), Ryabchikov (1959), and Ryabchikov and Ryabukhin (1964). Fassel (1961) reviewed the analytical spectroscopy of rare earth elements. In volume 4 of this Handbook chapters can be found on the chemical spectrophotometric and polarographic methods (O Laughlin 1979), spark source mass spectrometry (Conzemius 1979, Taylor 1979), optical atomic emission and absorption (DeKalb and Fassel 1979), X-ray excited optical luminescence (D Silva and Fassel 1979), neutron activation (Boynton 1979), mass spectrometric stable isotope dilution analysis (Schuhmaim and Philpotts 1979), and shift reagents and NMR (Reuben and Elgavish 1979). 

A. J.W. O Laughlin, Chemical spectrophotometric and polarographic methods 341 37B. S.R. Taylor, Trace element analysis of rare earth elements by spark source mass spectrometry 359 37C. R.J. Conzemius, Analysis of rare earth matrices by spark source mass spectrometry 377 37D. E.L. DeKalb and V.A. Fassel, Optical atomic emission and absorption methods 405 A.P. D Silva and V.A. Fassel, X-ray excited optical luminescence of the rare earths 441 W.V. Boynton, Neutron activation analysis 457 37G. S. Schuhmann and J.A. Philpotts, Mass-spectrometric stable-isotope dilution analysis for lanthanides in geochemical materials 471... 

A recent modification of mass spectrometric technique involves the use of a spark source. A spark is struck by means of a high voltage between two rods of the material under examination. Under this drastic treatment many substances decompose completely into their elements and give positive ions. The ion detector is usually a photographic plate which shows a line mass spectrum. A number of exposures are taken for each sample and a quantitative estimate of the presence of an element in the sample can be made from the exposure time. 

The glow discharge ion source is simple yet versatile, providing information for emission and mass spectrometric methods.92 A glow discharge ion source combined with a mass spectrometer has supplanted the spark ion source over many decades as the predominant ionization technique of mass spectrometry for determining trace and ultratrace element concentrations in various types of... 

---